{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T10:25:59Z","timestamp":1792751159433,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"American Speech Language Hearing Association","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Speech Lang Hear Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Assessment of strained voice quality is difficult due to the weak reliability of auditory-perceptual evaluation and lack of strong acoustic correlates. This study evaluated the contributions of relative fundamental frequency (RFF) and mid-to-high frequency noise to the perception of strain.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Stimuli were created using recordings of speakers producing \/ifi\/ with a comfortable voice and with maximum vocal effort. RFF values of the comfortable voice samples were synthetically lowered, and RFF values of the maximum vocal effort samples were synthetically raised. Mid-to-high frequency noise was added to the samples. Twenty listeners rated strain in a visual sort-and-rate task. The effects of RFF modification and added noise on strain were assessed using an analysis of variance; intra- and interrater reliability were compared with and without noise.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Lowering RFF in the comfortable voice samples increased their perceived strain, whereas raising RFF in the maximum vocal effort samples decreased their strain. Adding noise increased strain and decreased intra- and interrater reliability relative to samples without added noise.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Both RFF and mid-to-high frequency noise contribute to the perception of strain. The presence of dysphonia may decrease the reliability of auditory-perceptual evaluation of strain, which supports the need for complementary objective assessments.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Supplemental Material<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.23641\/asha.13172252\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.23641\/asha.13172252<\/jats:ext-link>\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1044\/2020_jslhr-20-00294","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,5]],"date-time":"2020-11-05T20:38:36Z","timestamp":1604608716000},"page":"3897-3908","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Perceptual and Acoustic Assessment of Strain Using Synthetically Modified Voice Samples"],"prefix":"10.1044","volume":"63","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0736-5371","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yeonggwang","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, Boston University, MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuel D\u00edaz","family":"C\u00e1diz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, Boston University, MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathleen F.","family":"Nagle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Speech-Language Pathology, Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8045-252X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cara E.","family":"Stepp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, Boston University, MA"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, MA"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology \u2013 Head and Neck Surgery, Boston University School of Medicine, MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1310","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","unstructured":"American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. 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