{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T23:36:14Z","timestamp":1769211374965,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"American Speech Language Hearing Association","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Speech Lang Hear Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>Using a new measure of family-level executive functioning (EF; the Family Characteristics Scale [FCS]), we investigated associations between family-level EF, spoken language, and neurocognitive skills in children with hearing loss (HL), compared to children with normal hearing.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>Parents of children with HL (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>= 61) or children with normal hearing (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>= 65) completed the FCS-Parent, and clinicians evaluated families using the FCS-Examiner. Children completed an age-appropriate version of the Concepts and Following Directions subtest of the Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals and the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test\u2013Fourth Edition. Child EF was assessed via the parent report Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Two higher order components were derived from FCS subscales: Family Inhibition and Family Organization. For both samples, Family Inhibition was positively associated with child inhibition, child shifting, and child language comprehension skills. Family Organization was differentially associated with child inhibition, working memory, and planning\/organization skills across the samples. Additionally, Family Inhibition was associated with child planning and organization skills for children with HL.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Results support the FCS as a measure of family-level EF. Family-level inhibition related to better child inhibition, flexibility\/shifting, and language comprehension across both samples and to better planning and organization skills in children with HL. As children with HL experienced greater difficulties in EF, families demonstrated greater organization, possibly as a compensatory measure. Results suggest that inhibition and organization at a family level may be important targets for the development of novel interventions to promote EF and language outcomes for children with HL.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1044\/2020_jslhr-20-00342","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,30]],"date-time":"2020-12-30T01:48:35Z","timestamp":1609292915000},"page":"218-229","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Family-Level Executive Functioning and At-Risk Pediatric Hearing Loss Outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1044","volume":"64","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6785-2086","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew","family":"Blank","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Speech and Hearing Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6329-0995","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachael Frush","family":"Holt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Speech and Hearing Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David B.","family":"Pisoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University Bloomington"},{"name":"DeVault Otologic Research Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William G.","family":"Kronenberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DeVault Otologic Research Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1310","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0893-3200.21.1.4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_1","unstructured":"American National Standards Institute. 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