{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T15:44:05Z","timestamp":1784994245107,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"American Speech Language Hearing Association","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Speech Lang Hear Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>This mixed-methods study aimed to examine the conversation techniques used by parents of young children with hearing loss (HL) during dinnertime at home. Parents' usage rates of open- and closed-ended language elicitation, reformulation, imitation, directives, and explicit vocabulary instruction were examined in relation to children's receptive vocabulary and basic-concepts skills.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Twenty-minute dinnertime segments were extracted from naturalistic, daylong recordings of 37 preschoolers with HL who used listening and spoken language. The segments were hand-coded for parents' use of conversation techniques. Children's receptive vocabulary and basic concepts were assessed using standardized measures.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Parents' use of conversation techniques varied widely, with closed-ended elicitation and directives used most frequently during dinner. Explicit vocabulary instruction was correlated with general receptive vocabulary and basic-concepts skills. Thematic analysis of the conversations revealed common themes, including concrete topics and sibling speakers. In addition, parents who used many techniques often introduced abstract conversation topics; electronic media was present in all conversations with few techniques.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Parents of preschoolers with HL may benefit from specific coaching to elicit language and introduce new vocabulary during home routines. These techniques may help develop their children's receptive language.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1044\/2020_jslhr-20-00420","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,23]],"date-time":"2021-02-23T21:21:05Z","timestamp":1614115265000},"page":"979-992","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Effects of Parents' Mealtime Conversation Techniques for Preschool Children With Hearing Loss Who Use Listening and Spoken Language"],"prefix":"10.1044","volume":"64","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1501-1936","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elaine R.","family":"Smolen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health and Behavior Studies, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ye","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health and Behavior Studies, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria C.","family":"Hartman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health and Behavior Studies, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Young-Sun","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Development, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1310","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AUD.0b013e3182a76768"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AUD.0000000000000209"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/deafed\/enaa018"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1049732318814540"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0013164414557639"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1525740114554483"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/IYC.0000000000000039"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_1","volume-title":"Boehm Test of Basic Concepts\u20143 Preschool","author":"Boehm A. 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