{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T11:06:22Z","timestamp":1785150382512,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"American Speech Language Hearing Association","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Speech Lang Hear Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Judgments regarding hyoid movement are frequently included in evaluations of swallowing. However, the literature lacks reference values for measures of hyoid kinematics in healthy swallowing. This study explores hyoid movement across the continuum from thin to extremely thick liquids.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              Participants were 39 healthy adults under the age of 60 years (19 men) who underwent videofluoroscopy involving three sips each of 20% w\/v thin barium and six sips each of slightly, mildly, moderately, and extremely thick barium. Half of the thickened stimuli were prepared using xanthan gum; and half, with a starch-based thickener. Sip volume was derived from pre- and post-sip cup weights. Hyoid position was tracked frame-by-frame relative to the anterior\u2013inferior corner of C4. Measures of peak hyoid position (along the\n              <jats:italic>XY<\/jats:italic>\n              axis) were normalized to a C2\u2013C4 scalar, and measures of time-to-peak position, speed, and time-to-peak speed were derived. As a first step, Spearman's correlations confirmed the influence of sip volume on these hyoid measures. Linear mixed-effects models then explored the effects of stimulus, sip volume, and task repetition on the dependent variables.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              The data set comprised 975 swallows with available hyoid tracking data. Sip volume was correlated with peak hyoid\n              <jats:italic>XY<\/jats:italic>\n              position (\n              <jats:italic>\n                r\n                <jats:sub>s<\/jats:sub>\n              <\/jats:italic>\n              = .15,\n              <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt; .01), time-to-peak position (\n              <jats:italic>\n                r\n                <jats:sub>s<\/jats:sub>\n              <\/jats:italic>\n              = \u2212.15,\n              <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt; .05), and speed (\n              <jats:italic>\n                r\n                <jats:sub>s<\/jats:sub>\n              <\/jats:italic>\n              = .13,\n              <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt; .01). No significant differences in hyoid kinematics were found across stimuli.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Measures of hyoid movement in healthy swallowing remain stable across the range from thin to extremely thick liquids with no systematic alterations in hyoid position or kinematics.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1044\/2020_jslhr-20-00508","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,3]],"date-time":"2020-12-03T21:45:16Z","timestamp":1607031916000},"page":"51-58","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Variations in Hyoid Kinematics Across Liquid Consistencies in Healthy Swallowing"],"prefix":"10.1044","volume":"64","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6103-7585","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sana","family":"Smaoui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Swallowing Rehabilitation Research Laboratory, The Kite Research Institute - Toronto Rehabilitation Institute \u2013 University Health Network, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melanie","family":"Peladeau-Pigeon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swallowing Rehabilitation Research Laboratory, The Kite Research Institute - Toronto Rehabilitation Institute \u2013 University Health Network, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4294-6561","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catriona M.","family":"Steele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swallowing Rehabilitation Research Laboratory, The Kite Research Institute - Toronto Rehabilitation Institute \u2013 University Health Network, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, University of Toronto, 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hyoid bone detection in fluoroscopic images using deep learning","volume":"8","author":"Zhang Z.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0967-3334\/31\/6\/008"}],"container-title":["Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing 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