{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T01:55:50Z","timestamp":1791597350411,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"American Speech Language Hearing Association","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["LSHSS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The purpose of this study was to find morphological markers with good diagnostic accuracy to identify developmental language disorders (DLD) in Spanish\u2013English bilingual children.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              The participants in this study included 66 Spanish\u2013English bilingual children between the ages of 4;0 and 6;11 (years;months) with (\n              <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n              = 33) and without DLD (\n              <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n              = 33). We employed a comprehensive production task in Spanish to elicit morphological structures that have been previously found to be problematic for Spanish-speaking children with DLD. These structures included elements of nominal morphology (articles, direct object pronouns, adjectives, and plurals) and verbal morphology (verbs and the subjunctive mood). Logistic regression was used in this study to find a set of grammatical structures that most accurately predicted group membership.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Spanish\u2013English bilingual children with and without DLD significantly differed from each other in their accurate production of articles, clitics, adjectives, verbs, and the subjunctive mood. Clitics, verbs, and the subjunctive mood in isolation had adequate diagnostic accuracy. A combination of verb and subjective mood accuracy best predicted group membership in this study (sensitivity of 85% and specificity of 91%).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>In addition to clitics, verbs, and the subjunctive mood, both elements of verbal morphology should be considered grammatical markers of DLD in Spanish\u2013English bilingual children.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Supplemental Material<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.23641\/asha.13641320\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.23641\/asha.13641320<\/jats:ext-link>\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1044\/2020_lshss-20-00017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]],"date-time":"2021-02-01T23:47:52Z","timestamp":1612223272000},"page":"497-511","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Morphological Errors in Spanish-Speaking Bilingual Children With and Without Developmental Language Disorders"],"prefix":"10.1044","volume":"52","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1212-4740","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anny","family":"Castilla-Earls","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Houston, TX"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Teresa","family":"P\u00e9rez-Leroux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Spanish and Linguistics, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katrina","family":"Fulcher-Rood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Speech-Language Pathology, SUNY Buffalo State College, NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Barr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Houston, TX"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1310","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0142716405050332"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3102\/1076998609332754"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/1092-4388(2001\/072)"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0142716405050149"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511605963"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_3_2_7_1","article-title":"CATALISE: A multinational and multidisciplinary Delphi consensus study. Identifying language impairments in children","volume":"11","author":"Bishop D. V. M.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bishop, D. V. M. , Snowling, M. J. , Thompson, P. A. , Greenhalgh, T. , & the CATALISE Consortium. (2016). CATALISE: A multinational and multidisciplinary Delphi consensus study. Identifying language impairments in children. PLOS ONE, 11(12), e0158753. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0158753","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12721"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/2019_LSHSS-19-00022"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/2018_JSLHR-L-18-0324"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10489223.2016.1192636"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0142716415000521"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1366728911000368"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_1","volume-title":"The handbook for evidence-based practice in communication disorders","author":"Dollaghan C. A.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Dollaghan, C. A. (2007). The handbook for evidence-based practice in communication disorders. Brookes."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/1092-4388(2010\/10-0093)"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_1","volume-title":"Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test\u2013Third Edition: Manual","author":"Dunn L. M.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Dunn, L. M. , & Dunn, L. M. (1997). Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test\u2013Third Edition: Manual. AGS."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_1","volume-title":"Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test. Examiner's Manual","author":"Dunn L.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Dunn, L. , & Dunn, D. (2007). Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test. Examiner's Manual (4th ed.). Pearson Assessments.","edition":"4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10489220802349996"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0214-4603(07)70080-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/1092-4388(2012\/11-0289)"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_1","first-page":"36","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 3rd Conference on Generative Approaches to Language acquisition North America (GALANA 2008)","author":"Grinstead J.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Grinstead, J. , De la Mora, J. , Vega-Mendoza, M. , & Flores, B. (2009). An elicited production test of the optional infinitive stage in child Spanish. In J. Crawford , K. Otaki , & M. Takahashi (Eds.), Proceedings of the 3rd Conference on Generative Approaches to Language acquisition North America (GALANA 2008) (pp. 36\u201345). Erlbaum."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1460-6984.12312"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1366728911000484"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0142716402000024"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/1058-0360(2005\/030)"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_1","volume-title":"Encyclopedia of special education","author":"Kaufman A. S.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kaufman, A. S. , & Kaufman, N. L. (2014). Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test, Second Edition. In C. R. Reynolds , K. J. Vannest , & E. Fletcher\u2010Janzen (Eds.), Encyclopedia of special education. Wiley. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/9781118660584.ese1325"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cdep.12053"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1082-989X.7.1.19"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/2014_LSHSS-13-0032"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_1","volume-title":"Systematic Analysis of Language Transcripts (SALT), Research Version 2018 [Computer software]","author":"Miller J.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Miller, J. , & Iglesias, A. (2018). Systematic Analysis of Language Transcripts (SALT), Research Version 2018 [Computer software] . SALT Software."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1075\/sibil.39"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1366728912000697"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/0161-1461(2005\/019)"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_1","volume-title":"BESA: Bilingual English\u2013Spanish Assessment","author":"Pe\u00f1a E. D.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Pe\u00f1a, E. D., Guti\u00e9rrez-Clellen, V. F., Iglesias, A., Goldstein, B. A., & Bedore, L. M. (2014). BESA: Bilingual English\u2013Spanish Assessment. AR-Clinical Publications."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/0161-1461.2501.15"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/jslhr.4106.1398"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_1","volume-title":"Language, learning and disability in the education of young bilingual children","author":"Restrepo M. A.","unstructured":"Restrepo, M. A. , & Castilla-Earls, A. (in press). Language learning and language disability: Equity issues in the assessment of young bilingual learners. In D. Castro & A. Artiles (Eds.), Language, learning and disability in the education of young bilingual children. Multilingual Matters."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0305000901004706"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/jslhr.4106.1412"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sanz-Torrent M. Serrat E. Andreu L. & \nSerra M.\n (2008). Verb morphology in Catalan and Spanish in children with specific language impairment: A developmental study. Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics 22(6) 459\u2013474. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/02699200801892959","DOI":"10.1080\/02699200801892959"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_1","volume-title":"Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals Preschool\u2013Second Edition\u2013Spanish Edition (CELF Preschool-2 Spanish)","author":"Semel E.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Semel, E. , Wiig, E. H. , & Secord, W. A. (2009). Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals Preschool\u2013Second Edition\u2013Spanish Edition (CELF Preschool-2 Spanish). Pearson."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315735139-16","volume-title":"Handbook of Spanish as a heritage language","author":"Shin N. L.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Shin, N. L. (2018). Child heritage speakers' Spanish morphosyntax: Rate of acquisition and crosslinguistic influence. In K. Potowski (Ed.), Handbook of Spanish as a heritage language (pp. 235\u2013253). Routledge."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0142716407070166"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203282434"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1353\/sof.2010.0107"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_1","volume-title":"The Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals\u2013Preschool","author":"Wiig E.","year":"2004","unstructured":"Wiig, E. , Secord, W. A. , & Semel, E. (2004). The Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals\u2013Preschool (2nd ed.). Harcourt Assessment.","edition":"2"}],"container-title":["Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/pubs.asha.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1044\/2020_LSHSS-20-00017","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,20]],"date-time":"2021-04-20T21:28:02Z","timestamp":1618954082000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/pubs.asha.org\/doi\/10.1044\/2020_LSHSS-20-00017"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,20]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,20]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1044\/2020_LSHSS-20-00017"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1044\/2020_lshss-20-00017","relation":{},"ISSN":["0161-1461","1558-9129"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0161-1461","type":"print"},{"value":"1558-9129","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,20]]}}}