{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T19:25:29Z","timestamp":1792697129427,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"American Speech Language Hearing Association","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am J Audiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Being able to hear the teacher clearly is an important factor for children's learning. However, classrooms often have suboptimal listening conditions. Sound-field amplification systems (SFAS) can help improve classroom listening conditions by increasing the level of the teacher's speech compared to the background noise throughout the classroom. The aim of this review article was to review the effect of SFAS on children in primary school.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Method:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              A comprehensive search of four online databases (ERIC, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science) was conducted. The search terms were\n              <jats:italic>classroom sound-field amplification<\/jats:italic>\n              and\n              <jats:italic>classroom amplified distribution system.<\/jats:italic>\n              Twenty-one articles were deemed relevant for the review plus an additional six from their references.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Most articles were published between 1996 and 2015. Only one article was published since 2016. A range of child populations were studied including typically developing children and children with difficulties and disabilities such as hearing loss, developmental language disorders, attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder, emotional and behavior disorders, Down syndrome, and developmental disabilities. There were several different measures that were used to evaluate the effectiveness of SFAS including speech perception assessments, language assessments, academic and comprehension assessments, classroom observations, interviews, and questionnaires. Improvements with SFAS were found for speech perception, listening comprehension and auditory analysis, language outcomes, academic outcomes, and behavior.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>SFAS can benefit children's listening and learning; however, the child's background, classroom reverberation time (limit to &lt; 1 s), and layout and type of learning activities, especially in modern classrooms, need to be taken into consideration.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1044\/2022_aja-21-00240","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,28]],"date-time":"2022-03-28T18:16:53Z","timestamp":1648491413000},"page":"470-486","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["A Review of the Effect of Classroom Sound-Field Amplification on Children in Primary School"],"prefix":"10.1044","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7294-5829","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kiri","family":"Mealings","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Linguistics, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1310","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_1","unstructured":"Anderson K. L.\n (1989). Screening Instrument for Targeting Educational Risk (SIFTER). Educational Audiology Association."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_1","first-page":"21","article-title":"Kids in noisy classrooms: What does the research really say?","volume":"9","author":"Anderson K. L.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Anderson, K. L. (2001). Kids in noisy classrooms: What does the research really say? Journal of Educational Audiology, 9, 21\u201333.","journal-title":"Journal of Educational Audiology"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/0161-1461(2004\/017)"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_1","volume-title":"LIFE: Listening Inventory For Education","author":"Anderson K. L.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Anderson, K. L. , & Smaldino, J. (1998). LIFE: Listening Inventory For Education. Educational Audiology Association."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/03005369909090096"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03634528509378606"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_8_1","volume-title":"Developmental Reading Assessment","author":"Beaver J.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Beaver, J. (1999). Developmental Reading Assessment. Celebration Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3104\/reports.124"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/leader.SCM.11072006.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_11_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"12th ICBEN Congress on Noise as a Public Health Problem","author":"Braat-Eggen E.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Braat-Eggen, E. , Kohlrausch, A. , & Hornikx, M. (2017). Writing performance in open-plan study environments: A laboratory study. In 12th ICBEN Congress on Noise as a Public Health Problem (pp. 1\u20137). Zurich."},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_1_12_1","first-page":"135","article-title":"The effects of sound-field amplification on attending behaviours","volume":"25","author":"Cornwell S.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Cornwell, S. , & Evans, C. J. (2001). The effects of sound-field amplification on attending behaviours. Journal of Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology, 25(3), 135\u2013144.","journal-title":"Journal of Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_13_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Effects of sound field FM amplification on the speech perception of ESL children","volume":"4","author":"Crandell C. C.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Crandell, C. C. (1996). Effects of sound field FM amplification on the speech perception of ESL children. Educational Audiology Monograph, 4, 1\u20135.","journal-title":"Educational Audiology Monograph"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/0161-1461.3104.362"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01411920600635494"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/1092-4388(2011\/11-0026)"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_17_1","volume-title":"British Picture Vocabulary Scale, Second Edition","author":"Dunn L. M.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Dunn, L. M. , Dunn, L. M. , Whetton, C. , & Burley, J. (1997). British Picture Vocabulary Scale, Second Edition. NFER-NELSON."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_18_1","first-page":"59","article-title":"A formative evaluation of sound-field amplification system across several grade levels in four schools","volume":"12","author":"Edwards D.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Edwards, D. (2005). A formative evaluation of sound-field amplification system across several grade levels in four schools. Journal of Education, 12, 59\u201366.","journal-title":"Journal of Education"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_19_1","volume-title":"The British Ability Scales: Second Edition","author":"Elliott C. D.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Elliott, C. D. , Smith, P. , & McCulloch, K. (1997). The British Ability Scales: Second Edition. NferNelson."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/0161-1461.3104.324"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_3_1_21_1","first-page":"509","article-title":"Using classroom sound field technology to enhance learning","volume":"16","author":"Flagg-Williams J.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Flagg-Williams, J. , Rubin, R. L. , & Aquino-Russell, C. (2009). Using classroom sound field technology to enhance learning. International Journal of Learning, 16(8), 509\u2013518. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18848\/1447-9494\/cgp\/v16i08\/46496","journal-title":"International Journal of Learning"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/0161-1461.2103.177"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_23_1","volume-title":"Improving classroom acoustics: Inservice training manual","author":"Florida Department of Education","year":"1995","unstructured":"Florida Department of Education. (1995). Improving classroom acoustics: Inservice training manual. Florida Department of Education."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_24_1","first-page":"69","volume-title":"Advances in behavioral assessment of children and families","author":"Greenwood C.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Greenwood, C. , Schulte, D. , Kohler, F. , Dinwiddie, G. , & Carta, J. (1986). Assessment and analysis of ecobehavioral interaction in school settings. In R. J. Prinz (Ed.), Advances in behavioral assessment of children and families (pp. 69\u201398). JAI Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_25_1","volume-title":"The Suffolk Reading Scale","author":"Hagley J. F.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Hagley, J. F. (2002). The Suffolk Reading Scale. GL Assessment."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_26_1","volume-title":"Listening Comprehension Test Series","author":"Hagues N.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Hagues, N. , Sissiqui, R. , & Merwood, P. (1999). Listening Comprehension Test Series. NferNelson."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_27_1","volume-title":"A phonetically balanced test of speech discrimination for children","author":"Haskins H. A.","year":"1949","unstructured":"Haskins, H. A. (1949). A phonetically balanced test of speech discrimination for children. Northwestern University."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_28_1","volume-title":"Hearing in Noise Test","author":"House Ear Institute","year":"1996","unstructured":"House Ear Institute. (1996). Hearing in Noise Test. House Ear Institute."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0156533"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_30_1","unstructured":"Imms W. Mahat M. Byers T. & \nMurphy D.\n (2017). Type and use of innovative learning environments in Australasian schools ILETC Survey No. 1. Technical Report 1\/2017."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20489\/intjecse.31608"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_32_1","volume-title":"Applied audiology for children","author":"Kendall D.","year":"1962","unstructured":"Kendall, D. (1962). The Kendall Toy Test. In D. M. Dale (Ed.), Applied audiology for children. Charles C. Thomas."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Klatte M. Hellbr\u00fcck J. Seidel J. & \nLeistner P.\n (2010). Effects of classroom acoustics on performance and well-being in elementary school children: A field study. Environment and Behavior 42(5) 659\u2013692. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0013916509336813","DOI":"10.1177\/0013916509336813"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/1463-1741.70506"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1375\/audi.31.2.55"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/019874290603100404"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/019874290703200402"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/14992020309080051"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_39_1","volume-title":"The effects of sound-field FM amplification on the communicative interactions of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children","author":"Massie R.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Massie, R. (2000). The effects of sound-field FM amplification on the communicative interactions of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children. University of Queensland."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000494410605000106"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000494410605000107"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_1_42_1","first-page":"93","article-title":"The effects of sound field classroom amplification on the communicative interactions of aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children","volume":"21","author":"Massie R.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Massie, R. , Theodoros, D. , Byrne, D. , McPherson, B. , & Smaldino, J. (1999). The effects of sound field classroom amplification on the communicative interactions of aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children. The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Audiology, 21(2), 93\u2013109.","journal-title":"The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Audiology"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1326011100600868"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0141192970230107"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_45_1","unstructured":"Mealings K. T.\n (2016). Classroom acoustic conditions: Understanding what is suitable through a review of national and international standards recommendations and live classroom measurements. In 2nd Australasian Acoustical Societies Conference ACOUSTICS 2016 (Vol. 2)."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_46_1","volume-title":"Encyclopedia of educational innovation","author":"Mealings K. T.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mealings, K. T. (2021). Acoustics and classrooms. In M. A. Peters & R. Heraud (Eds.), Encyclopedia of educational innovation. Springer. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-981-13-2262-4_200-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apacoust.2015.07.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_48_1","first-page":"20","article-title":"An assessment of open plan and enclosed classroom listening environments for young children: Part 2. Teachers' questionnaires","volume":"21","author":"Mealings K. T.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mealings, K. T. , Demuth, K. , Buchholz, J. M. , & Dillon, H. (2015a). An assessment of open plan and enclosed classroom listening environments for young children: Part 2. Teachers' questionnaires. Journal of Educational, Pediatric & (Re)Habilitative Audiology, 21, 20\u201338.","journal-title":"Journal of Educational, Pediatric & (Re)Habilitative Audiology"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1121\/1.4931903"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_50_1","first-page":"3","article-title":"An assessment of open plan and enclosed classroom listening environments for young children: Part 1. Children's questionnaires","volume":"21","author":"Mealings K. T.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mealings, K. T. , Dillon, H. , Buchholz, J. M. , & Demuth, K. (2015). An assessment of open plan and enclosed classroom listening environments for young children: Part 1. Children's questionnaires. Journal of Educational, Pediatric & (Re)Habilitative Audiology, 21, 3\u201319.","journal-title":"Journal of Educational, Pediatric & (Re)Habilitative Audiology"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/1059-0889(2003\/019)"},{"issue":"2010","key":"e_1_3_1_52_1","first-page":"17","article-title":"Effect of sound field amplification on Grade 1 reading outcomes","volume":"34","author":"Millett P.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Millett, P. , & Purcell, N. (2010). Effect of sound field amplification on Grade 1 reading outcomes. Canadian Journal of Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology, 34(March 2010), 17\u201325.","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_53_1","volume-title":"Neale Analysis of Reading Ability: Revised British Edition (manual)","author":"Neale M.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Neale, M. (1988a). Neale Analysis of Reading Ability: Revised British Edition (manual). NFER-Nelson."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_54_1","volume-title":"Neale Analysis of Reading Ability: Revised British Edition (reader)","author":"Neale M.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Neale, M. (1988b). Neale Analysis of Reading Ability: Revised British Edition (reader). NFER-Nelson."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/jslhr.4104.819"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_56_1","first-page":"8","article-title":"Improving classroom acoustics (ICA): A three year FM sound-field classroom amplification study","volume":"7","author":"Rosenberg G.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Rosenberg, G. , Blake-Rahter, P. , Heavner, J. , Allen, L. , Redmond, B. , Phillips, J. , & Stigers, K. (1999). Improving classroom acoustics (ICA): A three year FM sound-field classroom amplification study. Journal of Educational Audiology, 7, 8\u201328.","journal-title":"Journal of Educational Audiology"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_57_1","volume-title":"Helping children overcome learning difficulties: A step-by-step guide for parents and teachers","author":"Rosner J.","year":"1979","unstructured":"Rosner, J. (1979). Helping children overcome learning difficulties: A step-by-step guide for parents and teachers. Academic Therapy."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/jshr.1301.44"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_59_1","volume-title":"Word Intelligibility by Picture Identification","author":"Ross M.","year":"1971","unstructured":"Ross, M. , & Lerman, J. (1971). Word Intelligibility by Picture Identification. Stanwix House."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_60_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Effective teaching practices for students with and without learning difficulties: Constructivism as a legitimate theory of learning AND of teaching?","volume":"7","author":"Rowe K.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Rowe, K. (2006). Effective teaching practices for students with and without learning difficulties: Constructivism as a legitimate theory of learning AND of teaching? Student Learning Processes, 7, 1\u201324.","journal-title":"Student Learning Processes"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_1_61_1","first-page":"344","article-title":"The classroom listening environment in the early grades","volume":"35","author":"Rubin R. L.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Rubin, R. L. , Flagg-Williams, J. B. , Aquino-Russell, C. E. , & Lushington, T. P. (2011). The classroom listening environment in the early grades. Canadian Journal of Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology, 35(4), 344\u2013359.","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_62_1","volume-title":"Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals\u2013Third Edition\u2013United Kingdom Edition (CELF-3 UK)","author":"Semel E.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Semel, E. , Wiig, E. , & Secord, W. (2000). Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals\u2013Third Edition\u2013United Kingdom Edition (CELF-3 UK). The Psychological Corporation."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1260\/135101003768965960"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1635837"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1121\/1.2812596"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/1463-1741.70501"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/0161-1461.2302.145"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apacoust.2020.107824"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_69_1","article-title":"Evaluating amplification in the classroom","volume":"1","author":"VanDyke J.","year":"1985","unstructured":"VanDyke, J. (1985). Evaluating amplification in the classroom. Rocky Mountains Journal of Communication Disorders, 1.","journal-title":"Rocky Mountains Journal of Communication Disorders"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AUD.0b013e31827ad76f"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_71_1","unstructured":"Wang L. M.\n (2014). The impact of building acoustics on speech comprehension and student achievement. In INTERNOISE 2014\u201443rd International Congress on Noise Control Engineering: Improving the World Through Noise Control."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_72_1","volume-title":"The listening and literacy index","author":"Weedon C.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Weedon, C. , & Reid, G. (2000). The listening and literacy index. Hodder & Stoughton."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_73_1","volume-title":"Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals Preschool (CELF Preschool)","author":"Wiig E.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Wiig, E. , Secord, W. , & Semel, E. (1992). Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals Preschool (CELF Preschool). The Psychological Corporation."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/0161-1461(2011\/09-0080)"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_75_1","first-page":"5","article-title":"Effects of soundfield amplification on spelling performance of elementary school children","volume":"3","author":"Zabel H.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Zabel, H. , & Tabor, M. (1993). Effects of soundfield amplification on spelling performance of elementary school children. Educational Audiology Monograph, 3, 5\u20139.","journal-title":"Educational Audiology Monograph"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Audiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/pubs.asha.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1044\/2022_AJA-21-00240","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,2]],"date-time":"2022-06-02T17:14:06Z","timestamp":1654190046000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/pubs.asha.org\/doi\/10.1044\/2022_AJA-21-00240"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,2]]},"references-count":74,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1044\/2022_AJA-21-00240"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1044\/2022_aja-21-00240","relation":{},"ISSN":["1059-0889","1558-9137"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1059-0889","type":"print"},{"value":"1558-9137","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,2]]}}}