{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,7]],"date-time":"2025-08-07T09:19:01Z","timestamp":1754558341243},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"American Speech Language Hearing Association","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am J Audiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Just noticeable difference for interaural time difference (JND-ITD) is a sensitive test to detect silent lesions and neural asynchrony along the auditory pathways among individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS), but it has not been studied with brainstem functional system scores (BFSS) and expanded disability status scale (EDSS). The study aims to assess the usefulness of JND-ITD thresholds in individuals with MS and relate to brainstem magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) lesions, BFSS, and disability (EDSS).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Method:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              Standard group comparison design was adapted to compare the JND-ITD thresholds between individuals with MS (\n              <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n              = 45) and age and gender-matched healthy participants (\n              <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n              = 45). All participants underwent case history, neurological examination including BFSS and EDSS scoring, MRI brain imaging, minimental state examination, routine audiological evaluation, and ITD testing for high-pass filtered noise stimuli.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Of the 36 MS participants with abnormal JND-ITD thresholds, 22 (48.9%) participants could not identify maximum JND-ITD values (1,280 \u03bcs) in the ITD task. Abnormal JND-ITDs thresholds (139\u20131,280 \u03bcs) were obtained in 14 (31.11%) participants with MS. The JND-ITD thresholds were significantly different between the healthy and MS group. No significant association was found between the presence of ITD abnormality with the presence of brainstem lesions (MRI) and brainstem dysfunction (BFSS). Also, this study did not find any relationship between JND-ITD thresholds with disability (EDSS).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>This study supports the findings that JND-ITD for high-pass filtered noise is a sensitive test to detect lesions along the auditory system. Even though JND-ITD thresholds did not relate with BFSS and EDSS scores, JND-ITD abnormalities can be of great value in identifying lesions along the auditory system, especially in the early stages of MS, when clinical neurological examination does not show any signs of brainstem dysfunction, disability, and MRI without any lesions in the brain.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1044\/2023_aja-22-00184","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,7]],"date-time":"2023-09-07T22:04:50Z","timestamp":1694124290000},"page":"853-864","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The Interaural Time Difference for High-Pass Filtered Noise and Its Relationship With Brainstem Dysfunction and Disability in Multiple Sclerosis"],"prefix":"10.1044","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Vignesh Sangu","family":"Srinivasan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Institute of Speech and Hearing, Madras Medical College, Chennai, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rajalakshmi","family":"Krishna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Audiology, School of Rehabilitation and Behavioral Sciences, Vinayaka Mission's Research Foundation, Aarupadai Veedu Medical College and Hospital Campus, Puducherry, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bhoopathy Rangappan","family":"Munirathinam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Tamil Nadu Government Multi Super Specialty Hospital, Chennai, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1310","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1968.31.1.44"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_2_3_1","first-page":"97","article-title":"MRI screening of vestibular schwannomas without gadolinium: Usefulness of the turbo gradient spin echo T2-weighted pulse sequence","volume":"28","author":"Ben Salem D.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Ben Salem, D., Martin, D., Baudouin, N., Binnert, D., & Romanet, P. 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