{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T01:08:58Z","timestamp":1793754538231,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"American Speech Language Hearing Association","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am J Audiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>This article aimed to evaluate associations of self-reported hearing loss with health care access and delays and difficulties communicating with health care providers during the COVID-19 pandemic.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Method:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              The COVID-19 Community Impact Survey was administered online to a sample of participants from the population-based Survey of the Health of Wisconsin study cohort in Spring 2021. Hearing loss was defined as self-reported fair or poor hearing. Difficulty with health care access and delays were defined as self-reporting needing but not getting medical care or self-reporting delays in appointments due to COVID-19, respectively. Poor communication with health care providers was defined as self-reported difficulties communicating with health care providers due to wearing a mask during the COVID-19 pandemic. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate associations between hearing loss and the health care outcomes. Results are presented as odds ratios (\n              <jats:italic>OR<\/jats:italic>\n              s) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). First, models were adjusted for age and sex. Next, models were additionally adjusted for education, race\/ethnicity, self-rated health, and number of chronic conditions.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              This study included 1,582 participants (62.3% women; 11.9% non-White; age range: 18\u201375+ years). The number of participants with hearing loss was 196 (12.4%). After multivariable adjustment, self-reported hearing loss was associated with poorer health care access (\n              <jats:italic>OR<\/jats:italic>\n              = 2.41, 95% CI [1.62, 3.59]), health care delays (\n              <jats:italic>OR<\/jats:italic>\n              = 1.93, 95% CI [1.37, 2.71]), and increased difficulty communicating with health care providers wearing face masks (\n              <jats:italic>OR<\/jats:italic>\n              = 3.31, 95% CI [2.15, 5.08]) during the COVID-19 pandemic.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on difficulties accessing and using health care are likely exacerbated for individuals with hearing loss. There is a need for interventions that will optimize health care experiences for individuals with hearing loss, particularly when face masks and\/or telecommunications are used to provide health care services.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1044\/2023_aja-22-00223","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,6]],"date-time":"2023-09-06T21:20:41Z","timestamp":1694035241000},"page":"832-842","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Self-Reported Hearing Loss Is Associated With Poorer Health Care Access, Delays, and Communication With Providers During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Findings From the Survey of the Health of Wisconsin COVID-19 Community Impact Survey"],"prefix":"10.1044","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8631-1341","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lauren K.","family":"Dillard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erin R.","family":"Nelson-Bakkum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mari\u00e9tou H.","family":"Ouayogod\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy","family":"Schultz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1310","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-019-04911-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3766\/jaaa.15151"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_1","article-title":"Face masks can be devastating for people with hearing loss","volume":"370","author":"Chodosh J.","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chodosh, J., Weinstein, B. E., & Blustein, J. (2020). Face masks can be devastating for people with hearing loss. BMJ, 370, Article m2683. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.m2683","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1121\/10.0002279"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2022.101394"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/2022_JSLHR-21-00580"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1995.03520270061032"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/gnaa163"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215120001437"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1375\/audi.30.2.99"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7748\/ns2000.01.14.19.33.c2752"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14992027.2021.1952490"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/intqhc\/14.5.369"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2022.101397"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/20359"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1357633X16649790"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4037\/ajcc2010180"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_1","first-page":"141","article-title":"The perspectives and experiences of hearing impaired people at the hospital","volume":"19","author":"Lilgenau A.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lilgenau, A., & Mayer, H. (2010). The perspectives and experiences of hearing impaired people at the hospital. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 19, 141\u2013142.","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Nursing"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_1","article-title":"The Survey of the Health of Wisconsin (SHOW) program: An infrastructure for advancing population health","volume":"464","author":"Malecki K. M. C.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Malecki, K. M. C., Nikodemova, M., Schultz, A. A., LeCaire, T. J., Bersch, A. J., Bertram, L., Engelman, C. D., Hagen, E., McCulley, L., Palta, M., Rodriguez, A., Sethi, A. K., Walsh, M. C., Nieto, F. J., & Peppard, P. E. (2022). The Survey of the Health of Wisconsin (SHOW) program: An infrastructure for advancing population health. Frontiers in Public Health, 464, Article 818777. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2022.818777","journal-title":"Frontiers in Public Health"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_1","author":"Malecki K. M. C.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Malecki, K. M. C., Schultz, A. A., Nikodemova, M., Walsh, M. C., Bersch, A. J., Cronin, J., Cadmus-Bertram, L., Engelman, C. D., Lubsen, J. R., Peppard, P. E., & Sethi, A. K. (2022). Statewide impact of COVID-19 on social determinants of health-A first look: Findings from the Survey of the Health of Wisconsin. medRxiv. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2021.02.18.21252017","journal-title":"Statewide impact of COVID-19 on social determinants of health-A first look: Findings from the Survey of the Health of Wisconsin"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoto.2020.1705"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.13113"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/fampra\/cms046"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-045343"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archoto.2011.15"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-10-785"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00206099809072983"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10900-011-9369-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MLR.0000000000001419"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/tmj.2021.0490"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1062860618798926"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/30.6.1371"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_1","first-page":"11","article-title":"Communication with the deaf or hearing-impaired elderly inpatient. A service evaluation study: Patient perspectives and views","volume":"42","author":"Topp J. D.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Topp, J. D. (2013). Communication with the deaf or hearing-impaired elderly inpatient. A service evaluation study: Patient perspectives and views. Age and Ageing, 42(Suppl. 2), 11\u201312.","journal-title":"Age and Ageing"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0246842"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.24984"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. (2020). Mask use in the context of COVID-19. https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/advice-on-the-use-of-masks-in-the-community-during-home-care-and-in-healthcare-settings-in-the-context-of-the-novel-coronavirus-(2019-ncov)-outbreak"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MLR.0b013e31819a5acc"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Audiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/pubs.asha.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1044\/2023_AJA-22-00223","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,4]],"date-time":"2023-12-04T17:35:53Z","timestamp":1701711353000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/pubs.asha.org\/doi\/10.1044\/2023_AJA-22-00223"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,4]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1044\/2023_AJA-22-00223"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1044\/2023_aja-22-00223","relation":{},"ISSN":["1059-0889","1558-9137"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1059-0889","type":"print"},{"value":"1558-9137","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,4]]}}}