{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T21:28:37Z","timestamp":1786397317936,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"American Speech Language Hearing Association","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am J Audiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>U.S. national data for otoscopic examinations of 13,055 individuals aged 6\u201380+ years included in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey surveys for 2011\u20132012, 2015\u20132016, and 2017\u20132020 were analyzed and described.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Analyses were primarily descriptive and relied on prevalence estimates, supported by logistic-regression analyses, and distribution-free medians. Otoscopic examinations were performed by trained technicians with review and supervision by a clinical audiologist. Effects of age, sex, and race\/ethnicity were also examined.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Overall, the prevalence of abnormal otoscopy was approximately 12%\u201315% with higher prevalence among males at most ages and for both sexes for age \u2265 60 years. Typically, 93% or more of the observed abnormalities were due to excessive or impacted cerumen, mainly the former. Logistic-regression analyses for the 6\u201319-year-olds found that only race\/ethnicity affected the odds with non-Hispanic Blacks and Asians have higher odds for otoscopic abnormalities than non-Hispanic Whites. For 20- to 69-year-old adults, the odds of having abnormal otoscopic findings were about twice as high for males versus females, 60-year-olds versus 20-year-olds, and non-Hispanic Blacks versus non-Hispanic Whites. Overall, the effect of otoscopic abnormalities on the pure-tone averages for 500, 1000, 2000, and 4000 Hz and 3000, 4000, and 6000 Hz were negligible (&lt; 3 dB), and this did not vary substantially with sex, race\/ethnicity, or age.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Abnormal otoscopy, typically excessive cerumen, was observed in about 12%\u201315% of the individuals in this national sample, but the presence of such abnormalities had minimal effect on hearing sensitivity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1044\/2023_aja-23-00181","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,19]],"date-time":"2024-01-19T16:49:57Z","timestamp":1705682997000},"page":"209-224","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Otoscopic Abnormalities for the U.S. Population Aged 6\u201380+ Years: Prevalence and Consequences for Hearing"],"prefix":"10.1044","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9668-3744","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Larry E.","family":"Humes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1310","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.168.14.1522"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Akinbami L. J. Chen T. C. Davy O. Ogden C. L. Fink S. Clark J. Riddles M. K. & Mohadjer L. K. (2022). National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2017\u2013March 2020 prepandemic file: Sample design estimation and analytic guidelines. National Center for Health Statistics. Vital Health Stat 2(190). 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15620\/cdc:115434","DOI":"10.15620\/cdc:115434"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_1","volume-title":"Maximum permissible ambient noise levels for audiometric test rooms (S3.1\u20131999)","author":"American National Standards Institute","year":"1999","unstructured":"American National Standards Institute. (1999). Maximum permissible ambient noise levels for audiometric test rooms (S3.1\u20131999)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_1","author":"American National Standards Institute","year":"2004","unstructured":"American National Standards Institute. (2004). Specifications for audiometers (ANSI S3.6\u20132004).","journal-title":"Specifications for audiometers (ANSI S3.6\u20132004)"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_1","unstructured":"American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. (2005). Guidelines for manual pure-tone threshold audiometry [Guidelines]. https:\/\/www.asha.org\/policy\/gl2005-00014\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Anderson A. A. (2019). Assessing statistical results: Magnitude precision and model uncertainty. The American Statistician 73(Suppl. 1) 118\u2013121. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00031305.2018.1537889","DOI":"10.1080\/00031305.2018.1537889"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.14f09751"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_1","volume-title":"Audiology: The fundamentals","author":"Bess F. H.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bess F. H., & Humes L. E. (2008). Audiology: The fundamentals (4th ed.). 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World report on hearing."}],"container-title":["American Journal of Audiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.asha.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1044\/2023_AJA-23-00181","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T20:44:21Z","timestamp":1786394661000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.asha.org\/doi\/10.1044\/2023_AJA-23-00181"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,4]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1044\/2023_AJA-23-00181"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1044\/2023_aja-23-00181","relation":{},"ISSN":["1059-0889","1558-9137"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1059-0889","type":"print"},{"value":"1558-9137","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,4]]}}}