{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T12:03:06Z","timestamp":1791892986093,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"American Speech Language Hearing Association","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Speech Hear Disord"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1990,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Ninetieth percentile cutoffs for acoustic reflex thresholds (ARTs) were determined for a sample of 2,748 ears of 1,374 subjects with normal hearing and sensorineural loss of cochlear origin. All subjects had measurable hearing (\u2264110 dB HL, ANSI-1969) at all three activator frequencies (500, 1000, and 2000 Hz). Cutoff values including \"no responses\" (\"absent\" reflexes at 125 dB HL) were higher than those excluding no responses when hearing losses were greater than about 55 dB. The 90th percentiles including the effects of no responses identified ears with retrocochlear involvement for hearing losses as great as about 75 dB. For greater hearing losses at the activator frequency, the no-response rate for both cochlear and retrocochlear cases is too high to enable them to be differentiated by acoustic reflex thresholds. The 90th percentiles are derived at each activator frequency collapsed across ears. It is therefore necessary to determine the probabilities that normal or cochlear-impaired ears will have one, two, or three frequencies at which the ARTs exceed their respective 90th percentiles. It was found that among normal and cochlear-impaired ears, 12.2% have one ART elevated above the 90th percentile, but only 5.6% have two or three elevated ARTs. Clinical implications are discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1044\/jshd.5502.198","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,29]],"date-time":"2014-07-29T17:36:33Z","timestamp":1406655393000},"page":"198-205","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Acoustic Reflex Thresholds in Normal and Cochlear-Impaired Ears"],"prefix":"10.1044","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Stanley A.","family":"Gelfand","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Queens College of the City University of New York, Flushing, NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teresa","family":"Schwander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterans Administration Medical Center, East Orange, NJ"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shlomo","family":"Silman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brooklyn College of the City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1310","reference":[{"key":"p_1","unstructured":"AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDS INSTITUTE. (1960). Criteria for permissible ambient noise during audiometric testing (ANSI S3.1-1960 R1977). New York: Author."},{"key":"p_2","unstructured":"AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDS INSTITUTE. (1969). American NationalStandardspecificationsforaudiometers(ANSI S3.6-1969). New York: Author."},{"key":"p_3","unstructured":"GELFAND S. A. (1984). The contralateral acoustic-reflex threshold. In S. Silman (Ed.) The acoustic reflex: Basic principles and clinical applications(pp. 137-186). New York: Academic Press."},{"key":"p_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1097\/00003446-198407000-00007","article-title":"Acoustic reflex thresholds: Variability and distribution effects","volume":"5","author":"GELFAND S. A.","year":"1984","journal-title":"Earand Hearing"},{"key":"p_5","first-page":"11","article-title":"Effects of hearing levels at the activator and other frequencies upon the expected levels of the acoustic reflex threshold","volume":"48","author":"GELFAND S. A.","year":"1983","journal-title":"Journal of Speech and HearingDisorders"},{"key":"p_6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/jshd.4803.330"},{"key":"p_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1974.00780030100004","article-title":"Comparison of one new and three old tests of auditory adaptation","volume":"99","author":"OLSEN W. O.","year":"1974","journal-title":"Archives of Otolaryngology"},{"key":"p_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1097\/00003446-198107000-00008","article-title":"Acoustic reflex decay in 10 seconds and 5 seconds for Meniere's disease and for VIIIth nerve tumor patients","volume":"2","author":"OLSEN W. O.","year":"1981","journal-title":"Ear and Hearing"},{"key":"p_9","unstructured":"POPELKA G. (1981). The acoustic reflex in normal and pathological ears. In G. Popelka (Ed.) Hearing assessment with the acoustic reflex (pp. 5-21). New York: Grune & Stratton."},{"key":"p_10","first-page":"570","article-title":"Application of a probability model based on the binomial distribution to speech discrimination scores","volume":"23","author":"RAFFIN M. J.","year":"1980","journal-title":"Journalof Speech and HearingDisorders"},{"key":"p_11","unstructured":"SANDERS J. W. (1984 November). Evaluation of the 90th percentile levelsfor acousticreflex thresholds. Paper presented at the Annual Convention of the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association San Francisco."},{"key":"p_12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/jshd.4603.312"},{"key":"p_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1044\/jshr.0503.215","article-title":"On masking in bone conduction testing","volume":"5","author":"STUDEBAKER G. A.","year":"1962","journal-title":"Journalof Speech and HearingResearch"},{"key":"p_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1044\/jshr.3002.161","article-title":"Acousticimmittance measures in normal ears","volume":"30","author":"WILEY T. L.","year":"1987","journal-title":"Journal of Speech and HearingResearch"}],"container-title":["Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/pubs.asha.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1044\/jshd.5502.198","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,23]],"date-time":"2019-12-23T09:46:37Z","timestamp":1577094397000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/pubs.asha.org\/doi\/10.1044\/jshd.5502.198"}},"subtitle":["Effects of No-Response Rates on 90th Percentiles in a Large Sample"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1990,5]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1990,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1044\/jshd.5502.198"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1044\/jshd.5502.198","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-4677","2163-6184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-4677","type":"print"},{"value":"2163-6184","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1990,5]]}}}