{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T21:40:10Z","timestamp":1762033210065},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"American Speech Language Hearing Association","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Speech Hear Disord"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1990,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The effectiveness of parents as teachers of speech production skills was assessed by comparing changes in the phonological skills of their children, made during a period with no intervention, to changes that occurred when parents served as teachers, and by comparing those changes with changes that occurred in a contrast group who received no intervention. Twenty children, 12 in the experimental group and 8 in the contrast group, served as subjects. All children were between 4 and 5 years old at the beginning of the study. Parents were taught, in weekly sessions, to model, reinforce, and in other ways to teach their children. Both teaching goals and teaching materials were provided, and progress was monitored weekly. The speech production skills of children in the experimental group improved significantly when parents did the teaching. This was true for both within-subject and across-subjects comparisons.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1044\/jshd.5503.495","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,29]],"date-time":"2014-07-29T21:36:13Z","timestamp":1406669773000},"page":"495-502","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Project Parent"],"prefix":"10.1044","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Patricia A.","family":"Broen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Minnesota, Minneapolis"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martha J.","family":"Westman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chisago Pine Education District"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1310","reference":[{"key":"p_1","unstructured":"BRONFENBRENNER U. (1974). A report on longitudinalevaluations of preschool programs: Vol. 2. Is early intervention effective? Washington DC: Office of Child Development. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 093 501)"},{"key":"p_2","unstructured":"DEBERRY J. K. & GALLAND H. (1984). Partnersin education (PIE). Burnsville MN: Burnsville-Egan-Savage Independent School District 191."},{"key":"p_3","unstructured":"DUNN L. M. (1981). PeabodyPictureVocabulary Test-Revised. Circle Pines MN: American Guidance Service."},{"key":"p_4","unstructured":"GOODSON B. D. & HESS R. D. (1975). Parents are teachers oJ young children: An evaluative review of some contemporary concepts and programs. Stanford CA: Stanford University Department of Psychology. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 136 967)"},{"key":"p_5","unstructured":"HAYNES U. B. (1976). The national collaborative infant project. In T. D. Tjossen (Ed.) Intervention strategiesfor high risk infants and young children (pp. 509-534). Baltimore MD: University Park Press."},{"key":"p_6","unstructured":"HEWETT K. D. (1977). Partnerswith parents: The home start experience with preschoolersand theirfamilies(DHEW Publication No. DHEW OHDS 78-31106). Washington DC: U.S. Department of Health Education and Welfare."},{"key":"p_7","first-page":"369","article-title":"Phonological processes which characterize unintelligible and intelligible speech in early childhood","volume":"46","author":"HODSON B.","year":"1980","journal-title":"Journal of Speech and HearingDisorders"},{"key":"p_8","unstructured":"KARNES M. B. & LESS R. C. (1978). Early childhood: What research and experience say to the teacher of exceptional children (U.S. Dept. Health Education &Welfare 78-60985). Washington DC: Government Printing Office."},{"key":"p_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1177\/105381518200500107","article-title":"Effects of intervention on caregiver-infant interaction when the infant is handicapped","volume":"5","author":"KELLY J.","year":"1982","journal-title":"Journal of the Divisionfor Early Childhood"},{"key":"p_10","unstructured":"LICHTENSTEIN R. & IRETON H. (1984). Preschool screening: Identifying young children with developmental and educationalproblems. San Antonio TX: Psychological Corporation."},{"key":"p_11","unstructured":"MALLORY B. (1986). Rural service delivery systems for ECSE. Keynote address at the Rural Infant Institute College of St. Benedict St. Joseph MN. (#G008530325 U.S. Office of Special Education and Rehabilitative Services)"},{"key":"p_12","unstructured":"ROGOVIN A. (1981). Dear parents-Lettersto parents of young children. Elizabethtown PA: Continental Press."},{"key":"p_13","unstructured":"ROSENBERG S. & ROBINSON C. (1981). Final report: Competency based parent training project. Omaha NE: Meyer Children's Rehabilitation Institute."},{"key":"p_14","unstructured":"VINCENT L. (1985). Parent and Family Involvement in Early Childhood Special Education Workshop. St. Paul: Minnesota Department of Education."},{"key":"p_15","unstructured":"WEIKART D. P. EPSTEIN A. S. SCHWEINHART L. & BOND J. T. (1978). The Ypsilanti preschool curriculum demonstration project (Monograph 4 High\/Scope Educational Research Foundation). Ypsilanti MI: High\/Scope Press."},{"key":"p_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1177\/105381518100400106","article-title":"INREAL intervention for language handicapped and bilingual children","volume":"4","author":"WEISS R.","year":"1981","journal-title":"Journal of the Division for Early Childhood"},{"key":"p_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1044\/0161-1461.2002.139","article-title":"Preschool screening for significant articulation errors","volume":"20","author":"WESTMAN M. J.","year":"1989","journal-title":"Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools"},{"key":"p_18","unstructured":"WHITE K. & CASTO G. (1985). An integrative review of early intervention efficacy research. Logan: Utah State University Early Intervention Research Institute."}],"container-title":["Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/pubs.asha.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1044\/jshd.5503.495","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,23]],"date-time":"2019-12-23T14:44:59Z","timestamp":1577112299000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/pubs.asha.org\/doi\/10.1044\/jshd.5503.495"}},"subtitle":["A Preschool Speech Program Implemented Through Parents"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1990,8]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1990,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1044\/jshd.5503.495"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1044\/jshd.5503.495","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-4677","2163-6184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-4677","type":"print"},{"value":"2163-6184","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1990,8]]}}}