{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T05:53:34Z","timestamp":1790402014261,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"American Speech Language Hearing Association","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Speech Lang Hear Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1990,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Measurements of Open Quotient (OQ) and Speed Quotient (SQ) were made from photoglottographic signals of normal male subjects during phonation. Samples were obtained at spontaneous levels of fundamental frequency and intensity, and at nine specified frequency\/intensity combinations. OQ increased with fundamental frequency. OQ change was not significant for change in intensity and there was no significant interaction between frequency and intensity. Changes in SQ with variations of frequency and intensity were not significant. However, SQ did increase significantly when spontaneous phonation was compared to target matching phonation at similar frequency\/intensity. Changes in both OQ and SQ across comfortable frequency and intensity ranges were relatively small in comparison to changes in OQ and SQ reported for pathological phonation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1044\/jshr.3301.45","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,29]],"date-time":"2014-07-29T21:24:06Z","timestamp":1406669046000},"page":"45-50","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Frequency, Intensity, and Target Matching Effects on Photoglottographic Measures of Open Quotient and Speed Quotient"],"prefix":"10.1044","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"David G.","family":"Hanson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California at Los Angeles"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruce R.","family":"Gerratt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California at Los Angeles"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerald S.","family":"Berke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California at Los Angeles"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1310","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","volume-title":"High speed motion pictures of the vocal cords","author":"Bell Telephone Laboratories","year":"1937"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1304","DOI":"10.1121\/1.389279","article-title":"Laryngeal vibrations: A comparison between high speed filming and glottographic techniques","volume":"73","author":"Baer T.","year":"1983","journal-title":"Journal of the Acoustical Society of America"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_1","first-page":"237","volume-title":"Vocal fold physiology: Contemporary research and clinical issues","author":"Baer T.","year":"1983"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_1","first-page":"556","article-title":"The vibration of the vocal cords at selected frequencies","volume":"57","author":"Brackett I.","year":"1948","journal-title":"Annals of Otology Rhinology and Laryngology"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_1","first-page":"203","article-title":"High-speed motion pictures of the human vocal cords","volume":"18","author":"Farnsworth D.","year":"1940","journal-title":"Bell Telephone Laboratories Record"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_1","first-page":"521","volume-title":"Vocal fold physiology: Laryngeal function in phonation and respiration","author":"Gerratt B. R.","year":"1986"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0709(88)80025-5","article-title":"Laryngeal configuration associated with glottography","volume":"9","author":"Gerratt B. R.","year":"1988","journal-title":"American Journal of Otolaryngology"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-198805000-00013","article-title":"Glottographic measures of vocal fold vibration: An examination of laryngeal paralysis","volume":"98","author":"Hanson D. G.","year":"1988","journal-title":"The Laryngoscope"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1177\/000348948309200501","article-title":"Glottographic measurement of vocal dysfunction","volume":"92","author":"Hanson D. G.","year":"1984","journal-title":"Annals of Otology Rhinology and Laryngology"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_1","unstructured":"Hildebrand B. H. (1976). Vibratory patterns of the human vocal cords during variations in frequency and intensity (Doctoral dissertation University of Michigan). University Microfilms International ."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_1","first-page":"528","article-title":"Clinical application of combined electro- and photoglottography","volume":"1","author":"Kitzing P.","year":"1977","journal-title":"Proceedings of the International Association of Logopedics and Phoniatrics Conference"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_1","first-page":"863","article-title":"Glottography, the electrophysical investigation of phonatory biomechanics","volume":"40","author":"Kitzing P.","year":"1986","journal-title":"Acta Oto-Rhino-Laryngologica Belgica"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1159\/000263776","article-title":"A photoglottographical study of the female vocal folds during phonation","volume":"26","author":"Kitzing P.","year":"1974","journal-title":"Folia Phoniatrica"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1121\/1.384774","article-title":"Laryngeal articulation in Swedish obstruent clusters","volume":"68","author":"Lofqvist A.","year":"1980","journal-title":"Journal of the Acoustical Society of America"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1159\/000262675","article-title":"Der zeitliche ablauf der stimmritzen-veranderung bei zeitlupenaufnahamen der stimmlippenbewegung","volume":"6","author":"Luchsinger R.","year":"1954","journal-title":"Folia Phoniatrica"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_1","first-page":"164","article-title":"Ergebnisse von Kehlkopfaufnahmen mit einer zeitdehnerapparature","volume":"15","author":"Luchsinger R.","year":"1959","journal-title":"Bulliten der Schweizerischen Akademie der Medizinischen Wissenschaften"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1044\/jshr.3102.234","article-title":"Laryngeal kinematics in voiceless obstruents produced by hearing-impaired speakers","volume":"31","author":"McGarr N. S.","year":"1988","journal-title":"Journal of Speech and Hearing Research"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1159\/000262819","article-title":"Dynamic variations of the vibratory pattern in the normal larynx","volume":"10","author":"Moore P.","year":"1958","journal-title":"Folia Phoniatrica"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_1","volume-title":"Allgemeine akustik und mechanik des menschlichen Stimmorgans","author":"Musehold A.","year":"1913"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1159\/000262656","article-title":"Remarks of the physiology of the vibrations of the vocal cords","volume":"6","author":"Smith S.","year":"1954","journal-title":"Folia Phoniatrica"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_1","first-page":"32","article-title":"Observations on the vibratory movements of the human vocal cords","volume":"9","author":"Smith S.","year":"1957","journal-title":"Folia Phoniatrica"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"On the anatomy and vibratory pattern of the human vocal folds","volume":"156","author":"Sonesson B.","year":"1960","journal-title":"Acta Oto-Laryngologica, Supplement"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1906726","article-title":"The opening time and opening-quotient of the vocal cords during phonation","volume":"23","author":"Tarnoczy T.","year":"1951","journal-title":"Journal of the Acoustical Society of America"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1958.00730020005001","article-title":"Laryngeal vibrations: Measurements of the glottic wave, Part 1, The normal vibratory cycle","volume":"68","author":"Timcke R.","year":"1958","journal-title":"Archives of Otolaryngology"}],"container-title":["Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/pubs.asha.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1044\/jshr.3301.45","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,19]],"date-time":"2021-04-19T05:27:16Z","timestamp":1618810036000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/pubs.asha.org\/doi\/10.1044\/jshr.3301.45"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1990,3]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1990,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1044\/jshr.3301.45"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1044\/jshr.3301.45","relation":{},"ISSN":["1092-4388","1558-9102"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1092-4388","type":"print"},{"value":"1558-9102","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1990,3]]}}}