{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T01:32:55Z","timestamp":1791250375073,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"American Speech Language Hearing Association","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Speech Lang Hear Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1990,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>An analysis of lip and jaw motion was carried out in order to evaluate previous observations on the fluent speech of stutterers and to describe possible effects of speech therapy. A strain gauge system was used to transduce lip and jaw movements during fluent repetitions of \u201csapapple\u201d in adult stutterers and nonstutterers. Fifteen movement parameters were measured on lip closure for the initial \/p\/ sound in a group of 10 normal speakers, 10 stutterers who had no recent speech therapy, and 8 stutterers who had been through an intensive speech therapy program involving modification of speech timing. The no-therapy group and nonstutterers did not differ significantly in terms of any movement parameter. Stutterers who had been through speech therapy showed significant increases in jaw movement duration and time to peak velocity of the upper lip, lower lip, and jaw. The expected timing pattern for lip and jaw velocity peaks on lip closure (UL-LL-J) was the most frequently occurring pattern, but deviations from this pattern were observed in both stutterers and nonstutterers. The occurrence of reversals was most prevalent in the therapy group, and it was associated with increases in jaw movement duration across subjects. It is suggested that for the type of movement studied here, anomalies in stutterers\u2019 fluent speech are likely to be the result of acquired adjustments rather than properties of the speech neuromotor system that underly dysfluency.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1044\/jshr.3304.755","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,29]],"date-time":"2014-07-29T21:22:55Z","timestamp":1406668975000},"page":"755-760","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Kinematic Analysis of Lip Closure in Stutterers\u2019 Fluent Speech"],"prefix":"10.1044","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Michael D.","family":"McClean","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Toronto"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert M.","family":"Kroll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Toronto"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nirit S.","family":"Loftus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Toronto"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1310","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-7091-6969-8_8","volume-title":"Speech motor dynamics in stuttering","author":"Alfonso P.","year":"1987"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1044\/jshr.2603.444","article-title":"Prephonatory chest wall posturing in stutterers","volume":"26","author":"Baken R.","year":"1983","journal-title":"Journal of Speech and Hearing Research"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/jshr.2602.283"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/111.2.439","article-title":"Kinematic analysis of speech multiple movement coordination in stutterers","volume":"111","author":"Caruso A.","year":"1988","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/jshr.3104.640"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_1","first-page":"65","article-title":"Influence of rate on stutterers\u2019 and nonstutterers\u2019 speech movement timing","volume":"31","author":"De Nil L.","year":"1989","journal-title":"Asha"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_1","unstructured":"Goldsmith H. (1984). Articulatory kinematics in stuttering and nonstuttering adults. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. University of Washington."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4628","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.08-12-04628.1988","article-title":"Timing factors in the coordination of speech movements","volume":"8","author":"Gracco V.","year":"1988","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00243838","article-title":"Variant and invariant characteristics of speech movement planning","volume":"65","author":"Gracco V.","year":"1986","journal-title":"Experimental Brain Research"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00248744"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00248519","article-title":"Mechanoreceptor afferent activity in the intraorbital nerve in man during speech and chewing movements","volume":"72","author":"Johansson R.","year":"1988","journal-title":"Experimental Brain Research"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0094-730X(85)90012-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(90)90479-U","article-title":"Somatosensory neurons in human thalamus respond to speech-induced orofacial movements","volume":"513","author":"McClean M.","year":"1990","journal-title":"Brain Research"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1044\/jshr.2604.531","article-title":"Acoustic analysis of stutterers\u2019 fluent speech before and after therapy","volume":"26","author":"Metz D.","year":"1983","journal-title":"Journal of Speech and Hearing Research"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.1989.tb08561.x","article-title":"Infrafascicular multi-unit recordings from the human infra-orbital nerve","volume":"135","author":"Nordin M.","year":"1989","journal-title":"Acta Physiologica Scandinavia"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/jshr.3104.654"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1044\/jshr.3003.301","article-title":"Formant frequencies of stuttered and fluent vowels","volume":"30","author":"Prosek R.","year":"1987","journal-title":"Journal of Speech and Hearing Research"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_1","first-page":"65","article-title":"Temporal recognition of lip\/jaw gestures following an intensive therapy program","volume":"31","author":"Story R.","year":"1989","journal-title":"Asha"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1044\/jshr.3004.434","article-title":"Physiological basis of acoustic LRT in nonstutterers, mild stutterers, and severe stutterers","volume":"30","author":"Watson B.","year":"1987","journal-title":"Journal of Speech and Hearing Research"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_1","volume-title":"The precision fluency shaping program: Speech reconstruction for stutterers","author":"Webster R. L.","year":"1974"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/jshr.2301.95"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1044\/jshr.2301.122","article-title":"Stuttering as a disorder of movement","volume":"23","author":"Zimmermann G.","year":"1980","journal-title":"Journal of Speech and Hearing Research"}],"container-title":["Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/pubs.asha.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1044\/jshr.3304.755","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,19]],"date-time":"2021-04-19T02:48:44Z","timestamp":1618800524000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/pubs.asha.org\/doi\/10.1044\/jshr.3304.755"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1990,12]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1990,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1044\/jshr.3304.755"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1044\/jshr.3304.755","relation":{},"ISSN":["1092-4388","1558-9102"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1092-4388","type":"print"},{"value":"1558-9102","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1990,12]]}}}