{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T09:51:58Z","timestamp":1787737918326,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"American Speech Language Hearing Association","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Speech Lang Hear Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1991,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Vocal symptoms in spasmodic dysphonia (SD) range from strain-strangle phonation and glottal-stop phonatory breaks of adductor SD to breathy phonation and aspirate phonatory breaks of abductor SD. Many SD subjects show both symptom types. Heterogeneity in vocal symptoms contributes to controversy surrounding the etiology(s) of SD. Acoustic\/perceptual analyses of vocal symptoms are inconclusive in resolving this controversy. This investigation moves the search for distinguishing features of adductor and abductor SD to the level of neuromuscular control and analysis of intrinsic laryngeal muscle (adductor and abductor) activity. Subjects rated perceptually as primarily adductor or abductor SD sustained production of vegetative gestures and isolated speech sounds (\/i\/ and \/s\/). Qualitative and quantitative analyses of electromyographic signals recorded from thyroarytenoid (TA) failed to differentiate SD subjects by symptom type. Analysis of TA and posterior cricoarytenoid (PCA) activity in one abductor SD revealed high levels in both muscles during production of the voiced vowel. Data suggest that a possible explanation for symptom heterogeneity in SD is the relation between disrupted neuromotor input to laryngeal muscles and reflexive or conscious compensations constrained by laryngeal biomechanics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1044\/jshr.3403.473","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,29]],"date-time":"2014-07-29T21:22:47Z","timestamp":1406668967000},"page":"473-482","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Laryngeal Electromyographic Activity in Adductor and Abductor Spasmodic Dysphonia"],"prefix":"10.1044","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Ben C.","family":"Watson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Texas at Dallas\/Callier Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven D.","family":"Schaefer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frances J.","family":"Freeman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Texas at Dallas\/Callier Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Dembowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Texas at Dallas\/Callier Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George","family":"Kondraske","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Texas at Arlington"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rick","family":"Roark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1310","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","volume-title":"Psychogenic voice disorders: An interdisciplinary approach to detection, diagnosis, and therapy","author":"Aronson A.","year":"1973"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_1","volume-title":"Clinical voice disorders: An interdisciplinary approach","author":"Aronson A.","year":"1985","edition":"2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/jshd.3102.115"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_1","first-page":"269","article-title":"Simple method to improve performance of fine-wire electrodes","volume":"53","author":"Basmajian J.","year":"1974","journal-title":"American Journal of Physical Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1177\/000348948509400111","article-title":"Symptom improvement of spastic dysphonia in response to phonatory tasks","volume":"94","author":"Bloch C.","year":"1985","journal-title":"Annals of Otology, Rhinology, and Laryngology"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9924(81)90037-X","article-title":"Spastic dysphonia: A continuum disorder","volume":"14","author":"Cannito M.","year":"1981","journal-title":"Journal of Communication Disorders"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_1","volume-title":"Spastic dysphonia: A surgical and voice therapy treatment program","author":"Dedo H.","year":"1980"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/jshr.3203.541"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_1","first-page":"5","volume-title":"Spastic dysphonia: State of the art","author":"Freeman F. J.","year":"1985"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_1","first-page":"14","volume-title":"The proceedings of the Eleventh Symposium on the Care of the Professional Voice","author":"Freeman F.","year":"1982"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1159\/000265645","article-title":"Experiences with recurrent laryngeal nerve section for spastic dysphonia","volume":"34","author":"Fritzell B.","year":"1982","journal-title":"Folia Phoniatrica"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_1","first-page":"401","article-title":"Electromyography of the intrinsic laryngeal muscles","volume":"81","author":"Gay T.","year":"1972","journal-title":"Journal of Speech and Hearing Research"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/jshd.4604.428"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/jshr.1202.362"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_1","first-page":"49","volume-title":"Dynamic aspects of speech production","author":"Hirose H.","year":"1981"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_1","unstructured":"Pool K. Freeman F. Finitzo T. Hayashi M. Chapman S. Devous M. Close L. Kondraske G. Mendelsohn D. Schaefer S. & Watson B. (in press). Heterogeneity in spasmodic dysphonia: Neurologic and voice findings. Archives of Neurology."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_1","first-page":"724","article-title":"Spasmodic dysphonia","volume":"76","author":"Rabuzzi D.","year":"1972","journal-title":"Transactions of the American Academy of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_1","first-page":"187","article-title":"Vocal tract electromyographic abnormalities in spasmodic dysphonia","volume":"108","author":"Schaefer S.","year":"1987","journal-title":"Transactions of the American Laryngological Association"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-196803000-00013","article-title":"A technique for electromyographic assessment of deep neck muscle activity","volume":"78","author":"Shipp T.","year":"1968","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_1","first-page":"54","article-title":"Intrinsic laryngeal muscle activity in a spastic dysphonia patient","volume":"50","author":"Shipp T.","year":"1985","journal-title":"Journal of Speech and Hearing Research"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/jshd.4502.283a"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000259885"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_1","first-page":"25","article-title":"Muscle spasticity in functional aphonia and dysphonia","volume":"53","author":"Tarasch H.","year":"1946","journal-title":"Medical Woman\u2019s Journal"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/jshd.4103.325"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0095-4470(19)30905-2","article-title":"Laryngeal adjustments in Japanese voiceless sound production","volume":"10","author":"Yoshioka H.","year":"1982","journal-title":"Journal of Phonetics"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/jshd.4403.373"}],"container-title":["Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/pubs.asha.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1044\/jshr.3403.473","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,19]],"date-time":"2021-04-19T05:01:00Z","timestamp":1618808460000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/pubs.asha.org\/doi\/10.1044\/jshr.3403.473"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1991,6]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1991,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1044\/jshr.3403.473"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1044\/jshr.3403.473","relation":{},"ISSN":["1092-4388","1558-9102"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1092-4388","type":"print"},{"value":"1558-9102","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1991,6]]}}}