{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T22:08:22Z","timestamp":1787004502871,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"American Speech Language Hearing Association","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Speech Lang Hear Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1992,4]]},"abstract":"\n This study determined the reliability of maximal upper and lower lip closing forces measured using a strain-gauged cantilever beam assembly. An intraclass correlation approach was used to explicitly partition the \"error free\" between-subject variance and measurement error variance across repeated days (2) and across repeated trials (5). Ten healthy adults served as controls and 30 patients with diagnoses of multiple sclerosis, cerebrovascular accident, or Parkinson's disease served as subjects. The intraclass correlation analyses revealed generally high reliability (\n R<\/jats:italic>\n >.90) for upper and lower lip force measurements, for various combinations of control and\/or patient groups, and within each individual patient group. There was moderate correspondence between the quantitative measures of lip force and the clinical assessment of combined upper (\n r<\/jats:italic>\n =.67) and lower lip closure force (\n r<\/jats:italic>\n =.62) but low correspondence between the quantitative measures of lip force and the presence of motor speech deficit. The lower lip force of patients with Parkinson's disease (\n M<\/jats:italic>\n =3.1 N) on Day 1 was markedly reduced from that of all other patient groups and controls (\n M<\/jats:italic>\n =10.1 N). These results yield helpful information for the design of investigations of oral-motor weakness and for the quantitative assessment of an individual's clinical status.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1044\/jshr.3502.252","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,29]],"date-time":"2014-07-29T17:21:44Z","timestamp":1406654504000},"page":"252-258","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Reliability of Labial Closure Force Measurements in Normal Subjects and Patients With CNS Disorders"],"prefix":"10.1044","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"L. Maureen","family":"Wood","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Speech Pathology & Audiology Parkwood Hospital London, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Hughes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Speech Pathology & Audiology Parkwood Hospital London, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keith C.","family":"Hayes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Speech Pathology & Audiology Parkwood Hospital London, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dalton L.","family":"Wolfe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Speech Pathology & Audiology Parkwood Hospital London, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1310","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1044\/jshr.2604.616","article-title":"Force transducers for the evaluation of labial, lingual, and mandibular motor impairments.","volume":"26","author":"Barlow S. M.","year":"1983","journal-title":"Journal of Speech and Hearing Research"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4886(86)90248-7","article-title":"Fine force and position control of select orofacial structures in the upper motor neuron syndrome","volume":"94","author":"Barlow S. M.","year":"1986","journal-title":"Experimental Neurology"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1044\/jshr.2902.163","article-title":"Differential time force control of the upper and lower lips.","volume":"29","author":"Barlow S. M.","year":"1986","journal-title":"Journal of Speech and Hearing Research"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_1","first-page":"373","volume-title":"Journal of Speech and Hearing Research","author":"Barlow S. M.","year":"1985"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_1","volume-title":"Motor speech disorders","author":"Darley F. L.","year":"1978"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_1","first-page":"33","article-title":"Fluctuations in motor function in multiple sclerosis to circadian temperature variations","volume":"34","author":"Davis F. A.","year":"1973","journal-title":"Diseases of the Nervous System"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_8_1","unstructured":"Fleiss J. L. (1986). The design and analysis of clinical experiments. Toronto: John Wiley & Sons."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_1","unstructured":"Haggard E. A. (1958). Intraclass correlation and the analysis of variance. New York: Dryden Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.32.7.749"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1080\/10671188.1962.10613207","article-title":"A note on the coefficient of intraclass correlation as an estimate of reliability","volume":"33","author":"Kroll W.","year":"1962","journal-title":"Research Quarterly of the American Association for Health, Physical Education and Recreation"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1080\/10671188.1962.10616472","article-title":"Reliability of a selected measure of human strength","volume":"33","author":"Kroll W.","year":"1962","journal-title":"Research Quarterly of the American Association for Health, Physical Education and Recreation"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1080\/10671188.1967.10613410","article-title":"Reliability theory and research design in selection of a criterion score","volume":"38","author":"Kroll W.","year":"1967","journal-title":"Research Quarterly of the American Association for Health, Physical Education and Recreation"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_14_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Lip muscle function in Parkinson dysarthria","volume":"73","author":"Leanderson R.","year":"1972","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngology"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.18.5.417","article-title":"Circadian temperature rhythm and vision in multiple sclerosis","volume":"18","author":"Namerow N. S.","year":"1968","journal-title":"Neurology (Minneapolis)"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-028892-5.50024-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2842.1988.tb00156.x","article-title":"Bilabial compression force discrimination by human subjects","volume":"15","author":"Williams W. N.","year":"1988","journal-title":"Journal of Oral Rehabilitation"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_18_1","volume-title":"Statistical principles in experimental design","author":"Winer B. J.","year":"1971","edition":"2"}],"container-title":["Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/pubs.asha.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1044\/jshr.3502.252","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,19]],"date-time":"2021-04-19T00:52:29Z","timestamp":1618793549000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/pubs.asha.org\/doi\/10.1044\/jshr.3502.252"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1992,4]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1992,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1044\/jshr.3502.252"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1044\/jshr.3502.252","relation":{},"ISSN":["1092-4388","1558-9102"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1092-4388","type":"print"},{"value":"1558-9102","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1992,4]]}}}