{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T20:10:53Z","timestamp":1791231053346,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"American Speech Language Hearing Association","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Speech Lang Hear Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1992,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The objectives of this pilot study were to establish methods for longitudinal research of stuttering in children and to provide preliminary data on the variations that occur in disfluencies during the developmental course of stuttering. Twenty-seven preschool-aged children were followed for a minimum of 2 years shortly after they began stuttering. Tape-recorded speech samples were obtained from the children at several intervals during this period. The number of various types of disfluencies was counted in the speech samples obtained in each testing period. Twenty-one children continued to be followed for varying periods of up to 12 years. Eighteen of the 27 subjects received a few speech treatment sessions during the initial period of the study, whereas 9 children did not receive direct treatment. Results indicated that for the two subgroups there was a marked deceleration over time in the mean frequency of stuttering-like disfluencies. Individual subjects\u2019 data showed considerable variability in the longitudinal development of disfluency but most subjects followed the patterns of the group means. Much of the reduction took place during the early stage of the disorder, especially near the end of the first year post-onset. There were indications that group differences between chronic and recovering stutterers become distinct by approximately 20 months post-onset.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1044\/jshr.3504.755","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,29]],"date-time":"2014-07-29T21:21:12Z","timestamp":1406668872000},"page":"755-760","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":203,"title":["A Longitudinal Study of Stuttering in Children"],"prefix":"10.1044","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Ehud","family":"Yairi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicoline","family":"Ambrose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1310","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","article-title":"The epidemiology of stuttering","author":"Andrews G.","year":"1984","journal-title":"Nature and treatment of stuttering."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_1","author":"Andrews G.","year":"1964","journal-title":"The syndrome of stuttering."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/jshd.2504.366"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_1","author":"Bloodstain O.","year":"1987","journal-title":"A handbook on stuttering"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00335633209379870"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_1","author":"Brutten G.","year":"1967","journal-title":"The modification of stuttering."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/jshr.1503.632"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_1","article-title":"The prognosis of stuttering in school children: A 10-year longitudinal study.","author":"Fritzell B.","year":"1976","journal-title":"In Proceedings of the 16th Congress of the International Society of Logopedics and Phoniatrics."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/jshd.4102.280"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_1","article-title":"Spontaneous remission of stuttering: When will the Emperor realize he has no clothes on","author":"Ingham R.","year":"1983","journal-title":"Treatment of stuttering in early childhood."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_1","article-title":"A study of the onset and development of stuttering. In W. Johnson & R. Leutenegger (Eds.)","author":"Johnson W.","year":"1955","journal-title":"Stuttering in children and adults."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_1","author":"Johnson W.","year":"1959","journal-title":"The onset of stuttering."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_1","author":"Johnson W.","year":"1963","journal-title":"Diagnostic methods in speech pathology."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/0161-1461.1703.207"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_1","first-page":"142","article-title":"The development of stuttering in children.","volume":"14","author":"Ohashl Y.","year":"1973","journal-title":"Japanese Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/jshd.5503.405"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0094-730X(78)90005-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_1","article-title":"Continuity, fragmentation, and tension: Hypotheses applied to evaluation and intervention with preschool disfluent children","author":"Prins D.","year":"1983","journal-title":"Treatment of stuttering in early childhood."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_1","author":"Robinson F.","year":"1964","journal-title":"Introduction to stuttering."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_1","unstructured":"Ryan B. (1990). Development of stuttering a longitudinal study report 4. A paper presented at the convention of the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association Seattle. Abstract published in Asha 32 144."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_1","first-page":"21","article-title":"Reliability of the Iowa Speech Disfluency Test.","volume":"7","author":"Sander E.","year":"1961","journal-title":"Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders Monograph Supplement"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/jshr.1302.279"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_1","author":"Starkweather W.","year":"1987","journal-title":"Fluency and stuttering."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_1","author":"Van Riper C.","year":"1954","journal-title":"Speech correction: Principles and methods"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_1","author":"Van Riper C.","year":"1971","journal-title":"The nature of stuttering."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_1","author":"Wingate M.","year":"1976","journal-title":"Stuttering theory and treatment."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/jshr.2404.490"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_1","unstructured":"Yairi E. (1990). Subtyping child stutterers for research purposes. 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