{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T01:50:02Z","timestamp":1792806602710,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"American Speech Language Hearing Association","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Speech Lang Hear Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            The present research examines production of \"complex\" sentences, which involve movement of noun phrases (NPs), in 2 agrammatic aphasic subjects. According to linguistic theory (Chomsky, 1991, 1993), such sentences are derived using one of two movement operations, either\n            <jats:italic>wh<\/jats:italic>\n            - or NP-movement, subsumed under the general rule \"move alpha.\" In this experiment recovery of both\n            <jats:italic>wh<\/jats:italic>\n            - and NP-movement derived sentences was investigated using a treatment research paradigm. Subjects were sequentially trained to produce either\n            <jats:italic>wh<\/jats:italic>\n            -movement (i.e.,\n            <jats:italic>who<\/jats:italic>\n            questions, object clefts) or NP-movement (i.e., passives, subject-raising structures) derived sentences. Throughout training, generalization to untrained sentences relying on both types of movement was tested. The influence of training on aspects of narrative discourse also was examined. Results showed generalization patterns constrained to type of movement: Training\n            <jats:italic>wh<\/jats:italic>\n            -movement structures resulted in generalized production of untrained\n            <jats:italic>wh<\/jats:italic>\n            -movement structures without influencing production of NP-movement structures. Similarly, training of NP-movement structures resulted in generalization only to other sentence types also relying on NP-movement. Aspects of sentence production in narrative contexts also was improved with treatment. These data indicate that movement to an argument (A) position as in NP-movement is distinct from movement to a nonargument (A-bar) position, required in\n            <jats:italic>wh<\/jats:italic>\n            -movement. The site where movement terminates in the s-structure of noncanonical sentences appears to influence sentence production. These findings show that linguistic properties of sentences influence sentence production breakdown and recovery in aphasia.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1044\/jslhr.4002.228","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,29]],"date-time":"2014-07-29T21:03:21Z","timestamp":1406667801000},"page":"228-244","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":74,"title":["Training and Generalized Production of\n            <i>wh<\/i>\n            - and NP-Movement Structures in Agrammatic Aphasia"],"prefix":"10.1044","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Cynthia K.","family":"Thompson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders Aphasia Research Laboratory and Department of Neurology and Center for Behavioral and Cognitive Neurology and The Alzheimer's Program Northwestern University Evanston, IL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lewis P.","family":"Shapiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Communicative Disorders and Center for Human Information Processing University of California, San Diego"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kirrie J.","family":"Ballard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders Aphasia Research Laboratory Northwestern University Evanston, IL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beverly J.","family":"Jacobs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders Aphasia Research Laboratory Northwestern University Evanston, IL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra S.","family":"Schneider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders Aphasia Research Laboratory Northwestern University Evanston, IL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary E.","family":"Tait","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders Aphasia Research Laboratory Northwestern University Evanston, IL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1310","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1016\/0093-934X(76)90048-1","article-title":"Dissociation of algorithmic and heuristic processes in sentence comprehension: Evidence from aphasia.","volume":"3","author":"Caramazza A.","year":"1976","journal-title":"Brain and Language"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_1","volume-title":"Lectures on government and binding","author":"Chomsky N.","year":"1981"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_1","volume-title":"Barriers","author":"Chomsky N.","year":"1986"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_1","first-page":"417","volume-title":"Principles and parameters in comparative grammar","author":"Chomsky N.","year":"1991"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"The view from Building 20: Essays in linguistics in honor of Sylvain Bromberger","author":"Chomsky N.","year":"1993"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_1","volume-title":"Syntactic complexity in aphasia","author":"Christiansen J. 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