{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]],"date-time":"2025-10-03T17:48:27Z","timestamp":1759513707986},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"American Speech Language Hearing Association","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Speech Lang Hear Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            Although we would expect that the role of visible speech in multimodal speech perception would have the greatest relevance to individuals with hearing impairment, relatively few analytic studies have been done with these participants. Their adequate understanding of spoken language usually requires information from several modalities or other sources of information. The framework of the fuzzy logical model of perception (FLMP) is used to assess how individuals with hearing impairment evaluate and integrate multiple sources of information. Given this framework, a distinction can be made between\n            <jats:italic>information<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>information processing<\/jats:italic>\n            . Within this framework, we can ask what information differences and information-processing differences exist among individuals with normal hearing and those with hearing impairment. Four experimental studies from the literature are analyzed to address these questions. Test items are presented under both unimodal and bimodal conditions. Of central interest is the nature of the bimodal performance as a function of the unimodal performance. The findings show that, although information differences obviously exist across different populations, their information processing involved in pattern recognition appears to be the same and is well described by the FLMP.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1044\/jslhr.4201.21","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,29]],"date-time":"2014-07-29T21:09:51Z","timestamp":1406668191000},"page":"21-41","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Speech Perception in Perceivers With Hearing Loss"],"prefix":"10.1044","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Dominic W.","family":"Massaro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of California, Santa Cruz"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael M.","family":"Cohen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of California, Santa Cruz"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1310","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","unstructured":"Agelfors E. (1996). A comparison between patients using cochlear implants and hearing aids. Part I: Results on speech tests. \u201cRoyal Institute of Technology Speech Music and Hearing.\u201d KTH Quarterly Progress and Status Report (TMH-APSR 1) 63\u201375."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1080\/14640749108400991","article-title":"Crossmodal integration in the identification of consonant segments","volume":"43","author":"Braida L. D.","year":"1991","journal-title":"Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1068\/p260627","article-title":"Visible speech perception: Influence of spatial quantization","volume":"26","author":"Campbell C. S.","year":"1997","journal-title":"Perception"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_1","unstructured":"Campbell H. W. (1974). Phoneme recognition by ear and by eye: A distinctive feature analysis. 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A.","year":"1965","journal-title":"Information and Control"}],"container-title":["Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/pubs.asha.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1044\/jslhr.4201.21","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,19]],"date-time":"2021-04-19T05:38:02Z","timestamp":1618810682000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/pubs.asha.org\/doi\/10.1044\/jslhr.4201.21"}},"subtitle":["Synergy of Multiple Modalities"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1999,2]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1044\/jslhr.4201.21"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1044\/jslhr.4201.21","relation":{},"ISSN":["1092-4388","1558-9102"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1092-4388"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1558-9102"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1999,2]]}}}