{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T13:50:26Z","timestamp":1790689826058,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"American Speech Language Hearing Association","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Speech Lang Hear Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Submental surface electromyographic recordings are commonly used in the investigation of swallowing disorders. The measured electromyography is thought to reflect the actions of floor-of-mouth muscles. Although this is a reasonable assumption, to date there have been no investigations to delineate which muscles contribute to this surface recording. The primary goal of this experiment was to determine which muscles contribute most to the submental surface. Electromyography was recorded simultaneously from the submental surface as well as from five individual muscles: mylohyoid, anterior belly of the digastric, geniohyoid, genioglossus and platysma. Three analysis methods were performed to estimate individual muscle contributions: correlation, numeric, and analytic. For the numeric and analytic analyses, a linear model was defined and used to represent the relationship between the surface and intramuscular recordings. Muscles that received a high correlation, numeric and\/or analytic value were considered to be primary contributors to the submental recording. Regardless of analysis approach, the primary contributions to the submental surface recording were the mylohyoid, anterior belly of the digastric, and the geniohyoid muscles. Contributions from the genioglossus and the platysma muscles were minimal. Contributions as a function of bolus volume and viscosity are also discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1044\/jslhr.4206.1378","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,29]],"date-time":"2014-07-29T21:04:06Z","timestamp":1406667846000},"page":"1378-1391","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":94,"title":["Contributions of Individual Muscles to the Submental Surface Electromyogram During Swallowing"],"prefix":"10.1044","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Phyllis M.","family":"Palmer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Speech Pathology and Audiology University of Iowa Iowa City"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erich S.","family":"Luschei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Speech Pathology and Audiology University of Iowa Iowa City"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Debra","family":"Jaffe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics Iowa City"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy M.","family":"McCulloch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics Iowa City"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1310","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02407395"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00261274","article-title":"Surface electromyographic biofeedback and the patient with dysphagia: Clinical opportunities and research questions","volume":"10","author":"Barofsky I.","year":"1995","journal-title":"Dysphagia"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_1","first-page":"285","article-title":"Quantitative relationship between surface EMG and intramuscular electromyographic activity in voluntary movement","volume":"51","author":"Bouisset S.","year":"1972","journal-title":"American Journal of Physical Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02493516"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02407397"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_1","first-page":"37","article-title":"Effect of bolus volume and consistency on swallow-induced submental and infrahyoid electromyographic activity","volume":"23","author":"Dantas R. 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