{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T16:58:41Z","timestamp":1790873921761,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"American Speech Language Hearing Association","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Perspect ASHA SIGs"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Chronic laryngitis, characterized by inflammation of the laryngeal tissues, is the most commonly diagnosed organic voice disorder, yet treatments targeting suspected etiologic factors have demonstrated limited efficacy. A major barrier to the development of improved medical therapies for chronic laryngitis is a fundamental gap in knowledge related to the pathophysiology of laryngeal inflammation. This article provides a review of the literature specific to laryngeal immunity in health and disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1044\/persp1.sig3.14","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,31]],"date-time":"2016-03-31T22:33:19Z","timestamp":1459463599000},"page":"14-25","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Toward an Understanding of the Pathophysiology of Chronic Laryngitis"],"prefix":"10.1044","volume":"1","author":[{"given":"Marie","family":"Jett\u00e9","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1310","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-004-0794-0","article-title":"Investigation of Helicobacter pylori colonization in laryngeal neoplasia","volume":"262","author":"Akbayir N.","year":"2005","journal-title":"European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1067\/mhn.2001.119438","article-title":"The role of Helicobacter pylori infection in the cause of squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx","volume":"125","author":"Aygenc E.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.2486\/indhealth.43.302","article-title":"Chronic laryngitis in glassblowers","volume":"43","author":"Baletic N.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Industrial Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_2_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2005.02950.x","article-title":"The larynx as an immunological organ: Immunological architecture in the pig as a large animal model","volume":"143","author":"Barker E.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clinical & Experimental Immunology"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2006.03232.x","article-title":"Early immunological changes associated with laryngeal transplantation in a major histocompatibility complex-matched pig model","volume":"146","author":"Barker E.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clinical & Experimental Immunology"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200108000-00001","article-title":"The validity and reliability of the reflux finding score (RFS)","volume":"111","author":"Belafsky P. C.","year":"2001","journal-title":"The Laryngoscope"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-4486.2008.01747_3.x","article-title":"The development of upper airway mucosal immune architecture depends on peri-natal bacterial colonisation","volume":"33","author":"Birchall M.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clinical Otolaryngology"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1590\/S1807-59322009000800010","article-title":"Comorbidities in severe asthma: Frequency of rhinitis, nasal polyposis, gastroesophageal reflux disease, vocal cord dysfunction and bronchiectasis","volume":"64","author":"Bisaccioni C.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clinics (Sao Paulo)"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02439987","article-title":"A possible role of Helicobacter pylori infection in the etiology of chronic laryngitis","volume":"254","author":"Borkowski G.","year":"1997","journal-title":"European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2850","article-title":"The immune system and the gut microbiota: Friends or foes?","volume":"10","author":"Cerf-Bensussan N.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Immunology"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1016\/S0030-6665(03)00049-5","article-title":"Allergy and the contemporary laryngologist","volume":"36","author":"Chadwick S. J.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2351","DOI":"10.1121\/1.2173516","article-title":"Dependence of phonation threshold pressure on vocal tract acoustics and vocal fold tissue mechanics","volume":"119","author":"Chan R. W.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of the Acoustical Society of America"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1177\/000348947007900506","article-title":"Pharyngeal localization of symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux","volume":"79","author":"Cherry J.","year":"1970","journal-title":"The Annals of Otology, Rhinology, & Laryngology"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2010.06.008","article-title":"Microbiota-stimulated immune mechanisms to maintain gut homeostasis","volume":"22","author":"Chung H.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Immunology"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.22426"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_2_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599813485360","article-title":"Prescribing patterns of primary care physicians and otolaryngologists in the management of laryngeal disorders","volume":"149","author":"Cohen S. M.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/S0030-6665(05)70038-4","article-title":"Allergy for the laryngologist","volume":"31","author":"Corey J. P.","year":"1998","journal-title":"Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2222.2001.01098.x","article-title":"Decreased T lymphocyte infiltration in bronchial biopsies of subjects with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"31","author":"Di Stefano A.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clinical & Experimental Allergy"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1080\/00016480410018269","article-title":"Presence of dendritic cells, T lymphocytes, macrophages, B lymphocytes and glandular tissue in the human fetal larynx","volume":"124","author":"Dietrich C.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Acta Oto-Laryngologica"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1954","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200011000-00035","article-title":"Absence of bacterial infection in the mucosal secretion in chronic laryngitis","volume":"110","author":"Ebenfelt A.","year":"2000","journal-title":"The Laryngoscope"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.165.7.814-a","article-title":"Cigarette smoking, cough reflex, and respiratory tract infection","volume":"165","author":"Ebihara S.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Archives of Internal Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1097\/MLG.0b013e31815d8e2d","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori colonization in the larynges of patients with hoarseness","volume":"118","author":"Fang T. J.","year":"2008","journal-title":"The Laryngoscope"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-193502000-00008","article-title":"Some clinical observations on the influence of certain hygroscopic agents in cigarettes","volume":"45","author":"Flinn F.","year":"1935","journal-title":"The Laryngoscope"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI118009","article-title":"Acid aspiration-induced lung injury in rabbits is mediated by interleukin-8-dependent mechanisms","volume":"96","author":"Folkesson H. G.","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Investigation"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"972","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-198809000-00012","article-title":"Gastroesophageal reflux as an etiologic factor in laryngeal complications of intubation","volume":"98","author":"Gaynor E. B.","year":"1988","journal-title":"The Laryngoscope"},{"issue":"23","key":"e_1_3_2_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02329-14","article-title":"Microbiota in the throat and risk factors of laryngeal carcinoma","volume":"80","author":"Gong H.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_3_2_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e66476","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0066476","article-title":"The composition of microbiome in larynx and the throat biodiversity between laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma patients and control population","volume":"8","author":"Gong H. L.","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1638","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-199912150-00006","article-title":"A preclinical model for laryngeal transplantation: anatomy and mucosal immunology of the porcine larynx","volume":"68","author":"Gorti G. K.","year":"1999","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1970.04310050081012","article-title":"Isolated head and neck symptoms due to hiatus hernia","volume":"92","author":"Hallewell J. D.","year":"1970","journal-title":"Archives of Otolaryngology"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_2_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1016\/S0194-5998(99)70408-0","article-title":"Role of gastroesophageal reflux in pediatric upper airway disorders","volume":"120","author":"Halstead L. A.","year":"1999","journal-title":"Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1186\/2049-2618-2-43","article-title":"Characterization and comparison of bacterial communities in benign vocal fold lesions","volume":"2","author":"Hanshew A. S.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1985","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.2010.00857.x","article-title":"Exposing rodents to a combination of tobacco smoke and lipopolysaccharide results in an exaggerated inflammatory response in the lung","volume":"160","author":"Hardaker E. L.","year":"2010","journal-title":"British Journal of Pharmacology"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(97)89514-9","article-title":"Asthma and gastroesophageal reflux: Acid suppressive therapy improves asthma outcome","volume":"100","author":"Harding S. M.","year":"1996","journal-title":"American Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1007\/s004050100320","article-title":"A new method for measuring mechanical properties of laryngeal mucosa","volume":"258","author":"Hemler R. J.","year":"2001","journal-title":"European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1016\/S0892-1997(02)00132-7","article-title":"The prevalence of hypopharynx findings associated with gastroesophageal reflux in normal volunteers","volume":"16","author":"Hicks D. M.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Voice"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1742","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200110000-00014","article-title":"Laryngeal pseudosulcus as a predictor of laryngopharyngeal reflux","volume":"111","author":"Hickson C.","year":"2001","journal-title":"The Laryngoscope"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1007\/s004140050095","article-title":"Comparison of the immunohistology of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue in the larynx and lungs in cases of sudden infant death and controls","volume":"110","author":"Hiller A. S.","year":"1997","journal-title":"International Journal of Legal Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3083.1998.00276.x","article-title":"Bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) and larynx-associated lymphoid tissue (LALT) are found at different frequencies in children, adolescents and adults","volume":"47","author":"Hiller A. S.","year":"1998","journal-title":"Scandanavian Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1177\/000348940511400210","article-title":"Immunohistochemical study on distribution of mast cell phenotypes in human laryngeal mucosa: Evidence for laryngeal type I allergy","volume":"114","author":"Ishida H.","year":"2005","journal-title":"The Annals of Otology, Rhinology, and Laryngology"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_1","first-page":"1251","article-title":"Local eosinophilia of the nose, the larynx and the trachea in rats sensitized with Japanese cedar pollen","volume":"46","author":"Ishii J.","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arerugi"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1080\/140154302760409293","article-title":"Hidden respiratory allergies in voice users: Treatment strategies","volume":"27","author":"Jackson-Menaldi C. A.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Logopedics, Phoniatrics, Vocology"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-199912000-00020","article-title":"Acute laryngitis in the rat induced by Moraxella catarrhalis and Bordetella pertussis: Number of neutrophils, dendritic cells, and T and B lymphocytes accumulating during infection in the laryngeal mucosa strongly differs in adjacent locations","volume":"46","author":"Jecker P.","year":"1999","journal-title":"Pediatric Research"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-199606000-00013","article-title":"Age dependency of the composition of immunocompetent cells and the expression of adhesion molecules in rat laryngeal mucosa","volume":"106","author":"Jecker P.","year":"1996","journal-title":"The Laryngoscope"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2345","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.24737","article-title":"Correlation between reflux and multichannel intraluminal impedance pH monitoring in untreated volunteers","volume":"124","author":"Jett\u00e9 M. E.","year":"2014","journal-title":"The Laryngoscope"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.1097\/MLG.0b013e31804154c3","article-title":"Activity\/stability of human pepsin: Implications for reflux attributed laryngeal disease","volume":"117","author":"Johnston N.","year":"2007","journal-title":"The Laryngoscope"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2129","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mlg.0000149445.07146.03","article-title":"Pepsin and carbonic anhydrase isoenzyme III as diagnostic markers for laryngopharyngeal reflux disease","volume":"114","author":"Johnston N.","year":"2004","journal-title":"The Laryngoscope"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_1","first-page":"717","article-title":"Alterations in the laryngeal mucosa after exposure to asbestos","volume":"46","author":"Kambic V.","year":"1989","journal-title":"British Journal of Industrial Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1001\/archoto.2012.637","article-title":"Bacterial biofilm associated with chronic laryngitis","volume":"138","author":"Kinnari T. J.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Archives of Otolaryngology\u2014Head & Neck Surgery"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Koufman J. A.\n\n (1991). The otolaryngologic manifestations of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD): A clinical investigation of 225 patients using ambulatory 24-hour pH monitoring and an experimental investigation of the role of acid and pepsin in the development of laryngeal injury. The Laryngoscope 101(4 Pt 2 Suppl 53) 1\u201378.","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.1991.101.s53.1"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_3_2_51_1","first-page":"7","article-title":"Laryngopharyngeal reflux is different from classic gastroesophageal reflux disease","volume":"81","author":"Koufman J. A.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ear, Nose & Throat Journal"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_3_2_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1518","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.158.5.9802121","article-title":"Immunopathology of the small-airway submucosa in smokers with and without chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"158","author":"Lams B. E.","year":"1998","journal-title":"American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_2_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1097\/MOG.0b013e328333d751","article-title":"Obesity and the human microbiome","volume":"26","author":"Ley R. E.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_2_54_1","first-page":"135","article-title":"Mast cells in the laryngeal mucosa of the rat. Effect of compound 48\/80 and dexamethasone: A quantitative and immunohistochemical study at the light- and electron-microscopic levels","volume":"157","author":"Lidegran M.","year":"1996","journal-title":"Acta Anatomica (Basel)"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_3_2_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1177\/000348948509400521","article-title":"Effect of gastric acid on the pathogenesis of subglottic stenosis","volume":"94","author":"Little F. B.","year":"1985","journal-title":"The Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_56_1","first-page":"224","article-title":"Gastroesophageal reflux and asthma: A possible reflex mechanism","volume":"41","author":"Mansfield L. E.","year":"1978","journal-title":"Annals of Allergy"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2256","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mlg.0000184325.44968.b1","article-title":"Prevalence of laryngeal irritation signs associated with reflux in asymptomatic volunteers: Impact of endoscopic technique (rigid vs. flexible laryngoscope)","volume":"115","author":"Milstein C. F.","year":"2005","journal-title":"The Laryngoscope"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2003-12-4395","article-title":"Peripheral CD4(+)CD8(+) T cells are differentiated effector memory cells with antiviral functions","volume":"104","author":"Nascimbeni M.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_59_1","unstructured":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. (2010). Immune system glossary. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.niaid.nih.gov\/topics\/immunesystem\/pages\/glossary.aspx"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2005.01.040","article-title":"Antigen challenge induces a supraglottic but not a subglottic edema in the rat larynx","volume":"132","author":"Niklasson A.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1159\/000235791","article-title":"Role of dietary immunomodulatory factors in the development of immune tolerance","volume":"64","author":"Prescott S. L.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nestle Nutrition Workshop Series Pediatric Program"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1006\/jsre.1996.0028","article-title":"Hypertonic saline treatment of acid aspiration-induced lung injury","volume":"60","author":"Rabinovici R.","year":"1996","journal-title":"The Journal of Surgical Research"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2005.10.015","article-title":"Smoking influences the immunological architecture of the human larynx","volume":"118","author":"Rees L. E.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clinical Immunology"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200706-895OC","article-title":"The mucosal immune response to laryngopharyngeal reflux","volume":"177","author":"Rees L. E.","year":"2008","journal-title":"American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1016\/S0194-5998(03)00003-2","article-title":"Laryngeal effects of antigen stimulation challenge with perennial allergen Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus","volume":"128","author":"Reidy P. M.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3112","article-title":"The impact of perinatal immune development on mucosal homeostasis and chronic inflammation","volume":"12","author":"Renz H.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Immunology"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1067\/mhn.2001.114256","article-title":"Occult laryngeal pathology in a community-based cohort","volume":"124","author":"Reulbach T. R.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2515","article-title":"The gut microbiota shapes intestinal immune responses during health and disease","volume":"9","author":"Round J. L.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Immunology"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/S0892-1997(02)00076-0","article-title":"The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in benign laryngeal disorders","volume":"16","author":"Rubin J. S.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Voice"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_70_1","unstructured":"Saetta M. & \nTurato G.\n\n (2001). Airway pathology in asthma. The European Respiratory Journal Suppl 34 18s\u201323s."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1177\/000348941011900310","article-title":"Pepsin as a marker of extraesophageal reflux","volume":"119","author":"Samuels T. L.","year":"2010","journal-title":"The Annals of Otology, Rhinology, and Laryngology"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1038\/nri803","article-title":"Effects of cigarette smoke on the immune system","volume":"2","author":"Sopori M.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Immunology"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0105-2896.2006.00421.x","article-title":"Regulatory T-cell physiology and application to treat autoimmunity","volume":"212","author":"Tang Q.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Immunological Reviews"},{"issue":"7402","key":"e_1_3_2_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11209","article-title":"A framework for human microbiome research","volume":"486","author":"The Human Microbiome Project Consortium","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1752-699X.2009.00182.x","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori and its role in vocal folds' minimal lesions","volume":"4","author":"Tiba M.","year":"2010","journal-title":"The Clinical Respiratory Journal"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2010.09.020","article-title":"Differences in innate immune function between allergic and nonallergic children: New insights into immune ontogeny","volume":"127","author":"Tulic M. K.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mlg.0000192173.00498.ba","article-title":"Treatment of chronic posterior laryngitis with esomeprazole","volume":"116","author":"Vaezi M. F.","year":"2006","journal-title":"The Laryngoscope"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1038\/labinvest.3780406","article-title":"Neutrophil proteinases in hydrochloric acid- and endotoxin-induced acute lung injury: Evaluation of interstitial protease activity by in situ zymography","volume":"82","author":"Van de Louw A.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Laboratory Investigation"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1186\/1465-9921-6-22","article-title":"Acute effects of cigarette smoking on inflammation in healthy intermittent smokers","volume":"6","author":"van der Vaart H.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Respiratory Research"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00048.2006","article-title":"Pathobiology of cigarette smoke-induced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"87","author":"Yoshida T.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Physiological Reviews"}],"container-title":["Perspectives of the ASHA Special Interest Groups"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/pubs.asha.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1044\/persp1.SIG3.14","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,23]],"date-time":"2019-12-23T13:22:39Z","timestamp":1577107359000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/pubs.asha.org\/doi\/10.1044\/persp1.SIG3.14"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,31]]},"references-count":79,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,31]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1044\/persp1.SIG3.14"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1044\/persp1.sig3.14","relation":{},"ISSN":["2381-4764","2381-473X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2381-4764","type":"print"},{"value":"2381-473X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,31]]}}}