{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,17]],"date-time":"2023-10-17T18:10:35Z","timestamp":1697566235577},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,4,8]],"date-time":"2002-04-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1018224000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":38,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Neuroendocrinology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>In Siberian hamsters, day length is encoded by the duration of the nocturnal melatonin signal; short and long melatonin signals over the course of several weeks stimulate and inhibit somatic and gonadal development, respectively, in prepubertal males. We sought to determine whether juvenile male Siberian hamsters respond to multiple melatonin signals each day and the manner in which the sequence of melatonin signals and the duration of the melatonin\u2010free interval between signals affects development. Twenty\u2010one day old male Siberian hamsters, gestated and maintained in a short\u2010day photoperiod of 10\u2003h light\/day (10\u2003L), were transferred to constant light to suppress endogenous melatonin secretion and received s.c. infusions of melatonin or saline for 12 days. Hamsters infused with saline retained small testes, whereas one short melatonin infusion each day resulted in significant testicular growth. Other hamsters were provided with two melatonin signals each day, one long (9\u2003h) and one short (4 or 5\u2003h); the order in which these signals was administered and the duration of the melatonin\u2010free interval after each signal varied between groups. In asymmetrical melatonin infusions, the first and second daily infusions were followed by 3\u2010h and 7\u2010h melatonin\u2010free intervals, respectively, whereas in symmetrical infusions, each melatonin signal was followed by a 5\u2010h melatonin\u2010free interval. In the asymmetrical sequence, the melatonin signal that immediately preceded the longer melatonin\u2010free interval determined the rate gonadal growth. Equal melatonin\u2010free intervals after each of the long and short daily melatonin infusions produced intermediate increases in gonadal and somatic development. The hypothalamic\u2010pituitary\u2010gonadal axis of Siberian hamsters can respond to multiple melatonin signals each day, with the rate of testicular growth determined primarily by the duration of the melatonin\u2010free interval following each infusion.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0007-1331.2001.00767.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,12]],"date-time":"2003-03-12T07:11:31Z","timestamp":1047453091000},"page":"228-233","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Testicular and Somatic Growth in Siberian Hamsters Depend on the Melatonin\u2010Free Interval Between Twice Daily Melatonin Signals"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"D. A.","family":"Freeman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"J. 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