{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]],"date-time":"2025-12-02T18:25:55Z","timestamp":1764699955146},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,9,30]],"date-time":"2002-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1033344000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Addiction"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate the efficacy of naltrexone maintenance treatment in preventing relapse in opioid addicts after detoxification.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>A systematic review according to the methodology developed by the Cochrane Collaboration based on either randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or controlled clinical trials (CCTs).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title><jats:p>Seven hundred and seven heroin dependent in\u2010 and out\u2010patients, or former heroin addicts dependent on methadone and participating in a naltrexone treatment programme; 89% were male.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Intervention<\/jats:title><jats:p>Maintenance treatments on opiate dependent people after detoxification, comparing naltrexone with placebo, pharmacological or behavioural treatments.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Measurements<\/jats:title><jats:p>The outcomes considered were successfully completed treatment, opioid use under treatment (re)\u2010incarcerations during the study period, mean duration of treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>The outcomes tended to be slightly although not significantly in favour of the naltrexone groups. Use of naltrexone in addition to behavioural treatment significantly decreased the probability of (re\u2010)incarceration (OR=0.30; 95% CI 0.12, 0.76). The difficulties in producing a quantitative analysis were due mainly to the heterogeneity of the included studies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>From the available clinical trials performed up to this time, there is insufficient evidence to justify the use of naltrexone in maintenance treatment of opioid addicts.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1360-0443.2002.00217.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,10]],"date-time":"2003-03-10T10:22:30Z","timestamp":1047291750000},"page":"1241-1249","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":70,"title":["A systematic review on the efficacy of naltrexone maintenance treatment in opioid dependence"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"97","author":[{"given":"Ursula","family":"Kirchmayer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Davoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Annette D.","family":"Verster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Amato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Arica","family":"Ferri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Carlo A.","family":"Perucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10826087609056165"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0376-8716(81)90110-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","first-page":"275","article-title":"Abstinence treatments for opiate addicts: therapeutic community or naltrexone?","volume":"49","author":"Arndt I.","year":"1984","journal-title":"NIDA Research Monograph Series"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","volume-title":"Bulletin of the Ministry of Health","author":"Bollettino Ministero Sanit\u00e0","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","volume-title":"Bulletin of the Lazio Region on Drug Dependence","author":"Bollettino Regione Lazio Sulle Tossicodipendenze","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","first-page":"163","article-title":"Interim report on clinical intake and safety data collected from 17 NIDA\u2010funded naltrexone studies","volume":"9","author":"Bradford A.","year":"1976","journal-title":"NIDA Research Monograph Series"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00952997809028001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1977.01770220063007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00952997909007044"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10826088009040057"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0740-5472(97)00020-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.142.9.1081"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","first-page":"67","article-title":"Patients response to naltrexone: issues of acceptance, treatment effects and frequency of administration.","volume":"9","author":"Curran S.","year":"1976","journal-title":"NIDA Research Monograph Series"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","first-page":"37","article-title":"Characteristics and outcome of interventions offered to drug users attending public treatment centers in Lazio.","volume":"20","author":"D\u2019Ippoliti D.","year":"1996","journal-title":"Epidemiologia E Prevenzione"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1360-0443.2000.951014732.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","volume-title":"Trexan in Opioid Addiction","author":"Du Pont Pharmaceuticals","year":"1990"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","unstructured":"Ferri M. 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