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Although the prevalence of markers of pancreatic autoimmunity in hepatitis C virus\u2010positive patients is not significantly different to that reported in the general population, it increases during alpha\u2010interferon therapy from 3 to 7%, probably due to the immunostimulatory effects of this cytokine. To date, 31 case reports of type 1\u2003diabetes mellitus related to interferon treatment have been published. Type 1\u2003diabetes mellitus occurs more frequently in patients treated for chronic hepatitis C than for other conditions and is irreversible in most cases. In 50% of these patients, markers of pancreatic autoimmunity predated treatment, the majority of cases having a genetic predisposition. Thus, in predisposed individuals, alpha\u2010interferon can either induce or accelerate a diabetogenic process already underway. We suggest that islet cell autoantibodies and glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibodies should be investigated before and during interferon treatment in order to identify subjects at high risk of developing type 1\u2003diabetes mellitus.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2036.2003.01681.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,9,12]],"date-time":"2003-09-12T17:42:07Z","timestamp":1063388527000},"page":"549-558","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":96,"title":["Type 1 diabetes mellitus in patients with chronic hepatitis C before and after interferon 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