{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T20:45:38Z","timestamp":1771533938997,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"s1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,1,2]],"date-time":"2002-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1009929600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":580,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Experimental Allergy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>IgE secretion by B lymphocytes defines the allergic state and nearly all asthmatics have higher than normal IgE levels in serum following adjustment for age and sex. It is thought that allergic mechanisms may be responsible for the increasing prevalence of asthma. In particular, <jats:italic>in utero<\/jats:italic> changes may encourage T cells to differentiate into Th<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> subtypes. Th<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> cells produce cytokines such as IL\u20104 and IL\u20105, which can act indirectly via B cells, mast cells and eosinophils to mediate the asthma phenotype. Alternatively, IL\u20104 and IL\u201013 may act directly on the airway. Th<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> lymphocyte inflammation in asthma predisposes subjects to B cell and IgE\u2010mediated airway inflammation. IgE binds to receptors on the surface of a variety of effector cells causing them to release a variety of mediators that promote airway hyperresponsiveness, mucus secretion and increased vascular permeability. Several strategies for decreasing IgE have been developed as a possible treatment for asthma. For example, anti\u2010IgE monoclonal antibodies such as rhuMAb\u2010E25 and CGP 56901 block binding of IgE to its high\u2010affinity receptor and have been shown to reduce IgE levels in humans without causing anaphylaxis. IgE levels must be nearly completely suppressed. Recent clinical studies in subjects with asthma have shown that rhuMAb\u2010E25 attenuates both the early and late phase responses to inhaled allergen, and reduces the associated increase in eosinophils in induced sputum. rhuMAb\u2010E25 is well tolerated and has shown promising results in improving symptoms and lung function in patients with moderate to severe asthma. Other strategies for decreasing IgE levels include interferon \u03b3, IL\u20104 antibodies, IL\u20104 receptor antibodies and soluble IL\u20104 receptors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2222.2000.00091.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,11]],"date-time":"2003-03-11T09:44:42Z","timestamp":1047375882000},"page":"16-21","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Reducing IgE levels as a strategy for the treatment of asthma"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"family":"Fahy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,1,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198902023200502"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199110103251504"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.1995.tb00411.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_2","first-page":"7","article-title":"The epidemiology of asthma","volume":"2","author":"Peat JK","year":"1996","journal-title":"Curr Opin Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-6749(99)70517-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(97)90029-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3038.1997.tb00145.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.183.1.195"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.183.1.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.282.5397.2261"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.282.5397.2258"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.168.3.853"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.172.2.463"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.185.5.885"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI119292"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03401741"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0952-7915(97)80182-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00033a020"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_2","first-page":"1000","article-title":"Tissue distribution and complex formation with IgE of an anti\u2010IgE antibody after intravenous administration in cynomolgous monkeys","volume":"279","author":"Fox JA","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Therapeutics"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI119252"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.155.6.9196083"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.155.6.9196082"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1438","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.158.3.1438","article-title":"Down\u2010regulation of Fc\u03b3R1 expression on human basophils during in vivo treatment of atopic patients with anti\u2010IgE antibody","volume":"158","author":"MacGlashan DW","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-6749(93)90266-I"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.183.4.1303"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_27_2","first-page":"S231","article-title":"Corticosteroid (CS) withdrawal in a study of recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody to IgE (rhuMAB\u2010E25)","volume":"101","author":"Metzger WJ","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.86.14.5580"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000236889"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2717","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.150.7.2717","article-title":"Recombinant soluble murine IL\u20104 receptor can inhibit or enhance IgE responses in vivo","volume":"150","author":"Sato T","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.158.6.9712073"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5624","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.162.9.5624","article-title":"Down\u2010regulation of human basophil IgE and FC\u03b3R1 surface densities and mediator release by anti\u2010IgE\u2010infusions is reversible in in vitro and in vivo","volume":"162","author":"Saini SS","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Immunol"}],"container-title":["Clinical &amp; 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