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There is strong evidence that the cellular immune responses, involving both CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes, are involved at this stage and it is their effectiveness which determines outcome. What is not understood is what determines their effectiveness. The most important component of this is likely to be some aspect of epitope selection, itself dictated by host MHC. Thus, to understand host immunity to HCV, we need to have a detailed understanding of the peptides involved in T lymphocyte responses. In this review, we discuss the peptide epitopes that have been identified so far, and their potential significance. We relate this to a scheme of host defence which may be useful for understanding natural and vaccine-induced immunity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.2002.01840.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,11]],"date-time":"2003-03-11T10:31:51Z","timestamp":1047378711000},"page":"195-203","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":121,"title":["Cellular immune responses against hepatitis C virus: the evidence base 2002"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"128","author":[{"given":"S","family":"WARD","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G","family":"LAUER","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Partners AIDS Research Center\/Infectious Disease Division, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R","family":"ISBA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B","family":"WALKER","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Partners AIDS Research Center\/Infectious Disease Division, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P","family":"KLENERMAN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,5,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022011221431197600_b1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2323","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1058321","article-title":"The epidemic behavior of the hepatitis C virus","volume":"292","author":"Pybus","year":"2001","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2022011221431197600_b2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200107053450107","article-title":"Hepatitis C virus infection","volume":"345","author":"Lauer","year":"2001","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2022011221431197600_b3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2001.21212","article-title":"Impaired allostimulatory function of dendritic cells in chronic hepatitis C infection","volume":"120","author":"Bain","year":"2001","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2022011221431197600_b4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1126\/science.285.5424.110","article-title":"Replication of subgenomic hepatitis C virus RNAs in a hepatoma cell line","volume":"285","author":"Lohmann","year":"1999","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2022011221431197600_b5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(01)06356-5","article-title":"Primary interferon resistance and treatment response in chronic hepatitis C infection: a pilot study","volume":"358","author":"Jessner","year":"2001","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2022011221431197600_b6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1016\/S1089-3261(05)70200-2","article-title":"Hepatitis C virus. 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