{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T08:33:38Z","timestamp":1774600418241,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,7,25]],"date-time":"2003-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1059091200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Advanced Nursing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background.<\/jats:bold> Self\u2010esteem is a major predictor of behaviour. Nurses with healthy self\u2010esteem are likely to deliver therapeutic patient care, while those with low self\u2010esteem are less likely to do so.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Aim.<\/jats:bold> The aim of the 3\u2010year study discussed here was to explore students\u2019 self\u2010esteem and how their experiences of preregistration education influenced its development over the period of the programme.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Research methods.<\/jats:bold> Students participated in unstructured qualitative interviews at the beginning and end of their 3\u2010year preregistration course and a grounded theory approach was used for data collection and analysis.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Findings.<\/jats:bold> Bullying was found to be commonplace in the transition to becoming a nurse. Students were bullied and also witnessed patients being bullied by qualified nurses. The internalization of nursing norms meant that students then bullied others. Students\u2019 self\u2010esteem was low.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion.<\/jats:bold> Bullying, and its effects on self\u2010esteem, are perpetuated by practices within nursing. This situation will only be changed if nurses and educators transform their practice and the context in which bullying occurs. Otherwise, each new generation of nurses will continue to be socialized into negative practices which undermine both their own feelings of self\u2010worth and standards of nursing care.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2648.2003.02728.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,7,26]],"date-time":"2003-07-26T01:47:47Z","timestamp":1059184067000},"page":"395-401","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":233,"title":["Bullying in the nursing profession"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Jacqueline","family":"Randle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,7,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_16_2_1","volume-title":"Bullying at Work \u2013 How to Confront and Overcome It","author":"Adams A.","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2648.1995.tb02532.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2648.1993.18050808.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2648.1992.tb01969.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-8634(92)80007-F"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/174498719700200508"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0146167299258006"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2648.1999.01014.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2648.1995.21010164.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02195789"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_12_1","unstructured":"FreshwaterD.(1998)Transformatory learning in nurse education.Unpublished PhD Thesis.University of Nottingham Nottingham."},{"key":"e_1_2_16_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2648.2000.01499.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1547-5069.1986.tb00543.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_15_1","first-page":"28","volume-title":"Social identity theory: Constructive and critical advances","author":"Hogg M.A.","year":"1990"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_16_1","first-page":"177","volume-title":"Self\u2010Efficacy: Thought Control of Action","author":"Kavanagh D.J.","year":"1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1348\/014466699164013"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00152193-198603000-00014"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4135\/9781452243696","volume-title":"Critical Theory and Methodology: Contemporary Social Theory","author":"Morrow R.","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.3928\/0148-4834-19950301-06","article-title":"Factors associated with perceived competency levels of graduating seniors in a baccalaureate nursing program","volume":"34","author":"Mozingo J.","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of Nursing Education"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7748\/nm.8.1.14.s9"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_22_1","first-page":"317","article-title":"Relationships between nurse expressed empathy, patient perceived empathy and patient distress","volume":"27","author":"Olsen J.K.","year":"1995","journal-title":"Image"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2702.2001.00483.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1054\/nepr.2001.0025"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2702.2003.00679.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203302194"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_27_1","unstructured":"ReeveJ.(2000)Past Caring?: a longitudinal study of the modes of change in the professional self\u2010concept and global self\u2010concepts of students undertaking a three year diploma in nursing course.Unpublished PhD dissertation.University of Nottingham Nottingham."},{"key":"e_1_2_16_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2648.2000.01242.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00012272-198307000-00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_30_1","volume-title":"Client\u2010Centred Therapy","author":"Rogers C.R.","year":"1991"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_31_1","volume-title":"Tennessee Self\u2010Concept Scale (TSCS). 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