{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]],"date-time":"2025-11-05T20:31:02Z","timestamp":1762374662942},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,1,10]],"date-time":"2003-01-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1042156800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1411,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Biogeography"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p> <jats:bold>Aim<\/jats:bold> We explore whether molecular phylogeny and biogeography can complement evolutionary ecology in developing a method to address a long\u2010standing issue in the evolution of migration: have migrations between breeding and non\u2010breeding grounds, which may be on different continents, evolved through origins in the breeding grounds with successive shifts of the non\u2010breeding distribution or <jats:italic>vice versa<\/jats:italic>?<\/jats:p><jats:p> <jats:bold>Methods<\/jats:bold> To accommodate the biology of migration, we treated breeding and non\u2010breeding distributions as characters to be mapped onto a phylogeny derived from mitochondrial DNA sequence data and so examined the ancestral home issue as a study in the direction of character evolution.<\/jats:p><jats:p> <jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold> Our main findings from applying this approach to a subset of the <jats:italic>Charadrius<\/jats:italic> complex of shorebirds (Aves: Charadriinae) are that a case can be made for shifts of breeding distributions having occurred in the ancestries of <jats:italic>C. alexandrinus<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>C. veredus<\/jats:italic> as those species evolved their present migration patterns. Our results also argue for a southern hemisphere origin (specifically South America) for the <jats:italic>Charadrius<\/jats:italic> complex as a whole. A South American origin implies other shifts in breeding distributions having occurred in the evolution of the species <jats:italic>C. semipalmatus<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>C. vociferus.<\/jats:italic> On applying the methods we developed for dealing with phylogenetic uncertainty, these results are reinforced and the merit of testing them further is suggested.<\/jats:p><jats:p> <jats:bold>Conclusions<\/jats:bold> By way of a new approach to the evolution of migration, our study adds to a consensus emerging from the evolutionary ecology of migrant birds, arguing that shifts of breeding distributions are commonly, though not necessarily exclusively, involved in the evolution of migration.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2699.1999.00269.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,12]],"date-time":"2003-03-12T04:12:54Z","timestamp":1047442374000},"page":"329-342","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Phylogeny and biogeography in the evolution of migration: shorebirds of the <i>Charadrius<\/i> complex"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Leo","family":"Joseph","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Enrique P.","family":"Lessa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Leslie","family":"Christidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,1,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","first-page":"10","article-title":"Purification of mitochondrial DNA with Wizard minipreps DNA purification system.","volume":"43","author":"Beckman K.B.","year":"1993","journal-title":"Promega Notes"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","volume-title":"Bird migration. 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