{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T13:57:47Z","timestamp":1773151067341,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,6,6]],"date-time":"2002-06-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1023321600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["resjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Medical Vet Entomology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Abstract<\/jats:bold>\n                    The seasonal changes in the distribution of\n                    <jats:italic>Glossina morsitans morsitans<\/jats:italic>\n                    Westwood (Diptera: Glossinidae) and its main host, cattle, were examined in a cultivated area of the plateau of eastern Zambia. During four consecutive years, the tsetse and cattle populations were monitored along a fly\u2010round transect traversing the two main vegetation types in the study area. These were miombo, a one\u2010storied open woodland with the genera\n                    <jats:italic>Brachystegia<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Julbernardia<\/jats:italic>\n                    dominant, and munga, a one\u2010 or two\u2010storied woodland where the principal tree genera were\n                    <jats:italic>Acacia<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Combretum<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Terminalia<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Concurrently, a capture\/mark\/release\/recapture (CMRR) exercise was conducted along two other transects also traversing both vegetation types. The index of apparent abundance of tsetse (IAA) in miombo increased at the beginning of the rainy season (November), reached its peak at the end of the rainy season (April) and was low during the cold season (May to late August), but especially the hot dry season (September to late October). The IAA of tsetse in munga showed a pattern that was the reverse of that in miombo. The seasonal changes in the IAA of tsetse in both vegetation types were in accordance with changes in the movement patterns of tsetse between the two vegetation type as observed using CMRR. The distribution and abundance of cattle along the transect also showed a seasonal trend. This was especially so in munga, during the first three years of observations, where cattle abundance increased gradually from June onwards, reached a maximum at the end of the hot dry season (October\u2013November) and declined steeply at the start of the rainy season (November\u2013December). In both vegetation types, the monthly mean IAA of tsetse was positively correlated with the abundance of cattle in the previous month. It is concluded that the distribution of tsetse in cultivated area of the eastern plateau of Zambia undergoes substantial seasonal changes, which can partly be attributed to changes in the distribution of cattle. The implications of these observations for the control of tsetse are discussed.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2915.2002.00360.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,12]],"date-time":"2003-03-12T09:45:12Z","timestamp":1047462312000},"page":"170-176","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Seasonal variations in the distribution and abundance of the tsetse fly,\n                    <i>Glossina morsitans morsitans<\/i>\n                    in eastern Zambia"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"P.","family":"Van Den Bossche","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"R.","family":"De Deken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,6,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007485300051695"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","first-page":"382","volume-title":"The African Trypanosomiases","author":"Bursell E.","year":"1970"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","unstructured":"De Clercq K.(1997)Feeding evaluation of the Angoni cattle during the late dry season in Chipata (Zambia).MSc Thesis Ghent University Ghent."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","volume-title":"Biology, Morphology and Distribution of Tsetse Training Manual for Tsetse Control Personnel 1","author":"FAO","year":"1986"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007485300054584"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007485300042784"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","first-page":"43","volume-title":"Animal Trypanosomosis: Vector and Disease Control Using Nuclear Techniques","author":"Hargrove J.W.","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007485300007872"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007485300017089"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","article-title":"Preliminary results of a large\u2010scale field trial to assess the effect of 1% cyfluthrin pour\u2010on (Cylence\u00ae, Bayer) treatment of cattle on the incidence of bovine trypanosomosis in a tsetse\u2010infested area of eastern Zambia","author":"Munsimbwe L.","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 25th ISCTRC Meeting"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","first-page":"48","article-title":"Seasonal variations in age\u2010composition and survival of a natural population of female Glossina morsitans morsitans Westwood at the Chakwenga Game Reserve, Republic of Zambia","volume":"1","author":"Okiwelu S.N.","year":"1976","journal-title":"Zambia Journal of Science and Technology"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2401546"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007485300049956"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","first-page":"491","article-title":"A contribution to the study of numbers of tsetse\u2010fly (Glossina morsitans Westw.) by quantitative methods","volume":"27","author":"Potts W.H.","year":"1930","journal-title":"South African Journal of Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2915.1994.tb00386.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/4197"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/4430"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","volume-title":"Microclimate. 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