{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T03:36:23Z","timestamp":1773027383154,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,12,21]],"date-time":"2001-12-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1008892800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":354,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecular Ecology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Many insect groups have obligate associations with primary endosymbionts: mutualistic bacteria that are maternally transmitted and derived from an ancient infection. Often, the same insects are hosts to \u2018secondary\u2019 bacterial symbionts which are maternally transmitted but relatively labile within host lineages. To explore the dynamics of secondary symbiont associations in aphids, we characterized bacteria infecting 15 species of macrosiphine aphids using DNA sequencing, diagnostic polymerase chain reaction (PCR), diagnostic restriction digests, phylogenetic analyses, and electron microscopy to examine aphids from nature and from laboratory colonies. Three types of bacteria besides<jats:italic>Buchnera<\/jats:italic>were found repeatedly; all three fall within the Enterobacteriaceae. The R\u2010type has a 16S rDNA less than 0.1% different from that of the secondary symbiont previously reported from<jats:italic>Acyrthosiphon pisum<\/jats:italic>and is related to<jats:italic>Serratia<\/jats:italic>species. The T\u2010type includes a symbiont previously reported from a whitefly; the U\u2010type comprises a new cluster near the T\u2010type. The T\u2010type was found in every one of 40<jats:italic>Uroleucon ambrosiae<\/jats:italic>clones collected throughout the United States. In contrast,<jats:italic>A. pisum<\/jats:italic>individuals were infected by any combination of the three symbiont types. Secondary symbionts were maternally transmitted for 11\u00a0months within laboratory\u2010reared<jats:italic>A. pisum<\/jats:italic>clones and were present in sexually produced eggs. PCR screens for a bacteriophage, APSE\u20101, indicated its presence in both<jats:italic>A. pisum<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>U. ambrosiae<\/jats:italic>containing secondary symbionts. Electron microscopy of R\u2010type and T\u2010type bacteria in<jats:italic>A. pisum<\/jats:italic>and in<jats:italic>U. ambrosiae<\/jats:italic>revealed rod\u2010shaped organisms that attain extremely high densities within a few bacteriocytes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-294x.2001.01189.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,12]],"date-time":"2003-03-12T10:40:44Z","timestamp":1047465644000},"page":"217-228","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":297,"title":["Independent origins and horizontal transfer of bacterial symbionts of aphids"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Jonas P.","family":"Sandstr\u00f6m","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jacob A.","family":"Russell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Joshua P.","family":"White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Nancy A.","family":"Moran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001,12,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","volume-title":"The Prokaryotes, a Handbook on the Biology of Bacteria: Ecophysiology, Isolation, Identification, Applications","author":"Baumann P","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","volume-title":"Endosymbiosis of Animals with Plant Microorganisms","author":"Buchner P","year":"1965"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1570-7458.2000.00670.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002849900172"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01570970"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0014-3820.2000.tb00054.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01280174"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ento.43.1.17"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00556361"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.66.7.2748-2758.2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1303\/aez.33.461"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"FunkDJ HelblingL WernegreenJJ&MoranNA(2000)Evolutionary congruence among multiple symbiont genomes in an aphid species.Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B in press.","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2000.1314"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/104063879700900111"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1910(73)90223-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1910(71)90147-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35012066"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00006516"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.91.9.3819"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1910(73)90071-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3113.1999.00076.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.1993.0098"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00207713-41-4-566"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780198577867.001.0001","volume-title":"Influential Passengers: Inherited Microorganisms and Arthropod Reproduction","author":"O\u2019Neill S","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","volume-title":"Phylogenetic Analysis Using Parsimony (*and Other Methods), Version 4","author":"Swofford DL","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.191.8.1429"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002849900301"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002840010138"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","volume-title":"Diagnostic Electron Microscopy, Vol. 1","author":"Trump BF","year":"1978"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.171.6.2970-2974.1989"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.molbev.a026084"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.1999.9902"}],"container-title":["Molecular Ecology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1046%2Fj.1365-294X.2001.01189.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1046\/j.1365-294X.2001.01189.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,3]],"date-time":"2024-01-03T17:44:41Z","timestamp":1704303881000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1046\/j.1365-294X.2001.01189.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2001,1]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1046\/j.1365-294X.2001.01189.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1365-294x.2001.01189.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0962-1083","1365-294X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0962-1083","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-294X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2001,1]]}}}