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A conserved sequence of 19 amino acid residues (designated AHP) was identified in surface proteins of common <jats:italic>S. pyogenes<\/jats:italic> serotypes. This sequence was found to promote bacterial aggregation through homophilic protein\u2013protein interactions between AHP\u2010containing surface proteins of neighbouring bacteria. A synthetic AHP peptide inhibited <jats:italic>S. pyogenes<\/jats:italic> aggregation, reduced the survival of <jats:italic>S. pyogenes<\/jats:italic> in human blood and attenuated its virulence in mice. In contrast, mutant bacteria devoid of surface proteins containing AHP\u2010related sequences did not aggregate or adhere to epithelial cells. These bacteria are also rapidly killed in human blood and show reduced virulence in mice, underlining the pathogenic significance of the AHP sequence and <jats:italic>S. pyogenes<\/jats:italic> aggregation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2000.02084.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,12]],"date-time":"2003-03-12T11:33:17Z","timestamp":1047468797000},"page":"1232-1247","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":88,"title":["Virulent aggregates of <i>Streptococcus pyogenes<\/i> are generated by homophilic protein\u2013protein interactions"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Inga\u2010Maria","family":"Frick","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"M\u00f6rgelin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lars","family":"Bj\u00f6rck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,1,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)67515-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0161-5890(90)90071-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bj3000877"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2836(05)80360-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.270.17.9862"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.272.33.20774"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.60.1.124-135.1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1172","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.26.3.1172-1176.1979","article-title":"Alternate complement pathway activation by group A streptococci: role of M protein","volume":"26","author":"Bisno A.L.","year":"1979","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199109123251106"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.133.2.969","article-title":"Purification and some properties of streptococcal protein G, a novel IgG\u2010binding reagent","volume":"133","author":"Bj\u00f6rck L.","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/337385a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.59.5.1811-1817.1991"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.174.17.5693-5701.1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.65.5.1956-1959.1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2000.01942.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00222615-39-3-165"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2759","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.65.7.2759-2764.1997","article-title":"High\u2010frequency invasion of epithelial cells by Streptococcus pyogenes can be activated by fibrinogen and peptides containing the sequence RGD","volume":"65","author":"Cue D.R.","year":"1997","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.66.10.4593-4601.1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001432-199606000-00012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.1999.01223.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.81.6.573"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.2.3.285"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.1994.tb01003.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1995.tb07156.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.1989.tb00261.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00146398"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S095026880006739X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","first-page":"221","article-title":"Isolation and characterization of erythrogenic toxins. 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