{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,3]],"date-time":"2026-05-03T12:49:14Z","timestamp":1777812554864,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,4,25]],"date-time":"2002-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1019692800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":24,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecular Microbiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>The phage growth limitation (Pgl) system, encoded by <jats:italic>Streptomyces coelicolor<\/jats:italic> A3(2), confers protection against the temperate bacteriophage <jats:bold>\u03c6<\/jats:bold>C31 and its homoimmune relatives. The Pgl phenotype is characterized by the ability of Pgl<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> hosts to support a phage burst on initial infection but subsequent cycles are severely attenuated. Previously, two adjacent genes <jats:italic>pglY<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>pglZ<\/jats:italic> were shown to be required for Pgl. It had been shown by Southern blotting that <jats:italic>Streptomyces lividans<\/jats:italic>, a close relative of <jats:italic>S. coelicolor<\/jats:italic> and naturally Pgl<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>, does not contain homologues of <jats:italic>pglYZ<\/jats:italic> and that introduction of <jats:italic>pglYZ<\/jats:italic> into <jats:italic>S. lividans<\/jats:italic> is not sufficient to confer a Pgl<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> phenotype. Moreover, the mechanism of the Pgl<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup><jats:bold>\u2194<\/jats:bold> Pgl<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup> phase variation associated with this phenotype is also not understood. Here we describe two novel genes, <jats:italic>pglW<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>pglX<\/jats:italic>, that were shown to be part of this system by complementation of Pgl<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup> mutants and by insertional mutagenesis. <jats:italic>pglW<\/jats:italic> encodes a 169 kDa protein that includes putative motifs for both serine\/threonine protein kinase activity and DNA binding. <jats:italic>pglX<\/jats:italic> encodes a 136 kDa protein with putative adenine\u2010specific DNA methyltransferase activity. <jats:italic>pglW<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>pglX<\/jats:italic> have overlapping stop\u2010start codons suggesting transcriptional and translational coupling. S1 mapping of transcripts initiating up\u2010stream of <jats:italic>pglW<\/jats:italic> indicated that, like <jats:italic>pglYZ<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>pglWX<\/jats:italic> is expressed in uninfected cultures. A homologue of <jats:italic>pglX<\/jats:italic> with 76% amino acid identity was identified in <jats:italic>S. coelicolor<\/jats:italic>, and insertional mutagenesis indicated that this gene was not required for the Pgl<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> phenotype. Southern blots indicated that <jats:italic>S. lividans<\/jats:italic> does not contain homologues of <jats:italic>pglW<\/jats:italic> or <jats:italic>pglX<\/jats:italic>. A plasmid encoding <jats:italic>pglWXYZ<\/jats:italic> was able to confer the Pgl<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> phenotype to <jats:italic>S. lividans<\/jats:italic> implying that these four genes constitute the whole system.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2002.02896.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,12]],"date-time":"2003-03-12T11:43:12Z","timestamp":1047469392000},"page":"489-500","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":68,"title":["Genetics of the phage growth limitation (Pgl) system of <i>Streptomyces coelicolor<\/i> A3(2)"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Paul","family":"Sumby","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Margaret C. M.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,4,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","volume-title":"Molecular genetic analysis of the phage growth limitation system of Streptomyces Coelicolor A3 (2).","author":"Bedford D.","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.177.16.4681-4689.1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.182.16.4606-4616.2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1128\/mr.57.2.434-450.1993","article-title":"Biology of DNA restriction.","volume":"57","author":"Bickle T.A.","year":"1993","journal-title":"Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-1119(92)90627-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3367","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.172.6.3367-3378.1990","article-title":"Cloning, disruption, and transcriptional analysis of three RNA polymerase sigma factor genes of Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2).","volume":"172","author":"Buttner M.J.","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-144-6-1465"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-1119(82)90185-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","first-page":"1945","article-title":"Genetic characteristics of a new phage resistance trait in Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2).","volume":"18","author":"Chinenova T.A.","year":"1982","journal-title":"Genetika"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.159.2.499-504.1984","article-title":"Restriction of bacteriophage plaque formation in Streptomyces spp.","volume":"159","author":"Cox K.L.","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5019","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/18.17.5019","article-title":"Improved detection of helix\u2013turn\u2013helix DNA\u2010binding motifs in protein sequences.","volume":"18","author":"Dodd I.B.","year":"1990","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/29.18.3728"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-105-2-203"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-145-9-2183"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","first-page":"615","article-title":"Conjugative sex plasmids of Streptomyces.","volume":"30","author":"Hopwood D.A.","year":"1985","journal-title":"Basic Life Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","volume-title":"Genetic Manipulation of Streptomyces: a Laboratory Manual.","author":"Hopwood D.","year":"1985"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-1119(93)90774-W"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","volume-title":"Practical Streptomyces Genetics.","author":"Kieser T.","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.1993.tb01124.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","first-page":"941","article-title":"Physical and genetic characterisation of chromosomal copies of the Streptomyces coelicolor minicircle.","volume":"135","author":"Lydiate D.","year":"1989","journal-title":"J General Microbiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.170.12.5607-5612.1988"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.17.9757"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-148-1-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00259605"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.1996.6191336.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/29.1.268"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","volume-title":"Molecular Cloning: a Laboratory Manual.","author":"Sambrook J.","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/27.10.2145"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-1119(94)90037-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/20.5.961"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-145-9-2221"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/26.10.2457"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.1995.tb02398.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M910303199"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.1999.01353.x"}],"container-title":["Molecular Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1046%2Fj.1365-2958.2002.02896.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2002.02896.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,27]],"date-time":"2023-09-27T18:12:09Z","timestamp":1695838329000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2002.02896.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002,4]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2002.02896.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2002.02896.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0950-382X","1365-2958"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0950-382X","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2958","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2002,4]]}}}