{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T11:05:00Z","timestamp":1778756700748,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,25]],"date-time":"2002-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1027555200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecular Microbiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>The <jats:italic>Cf\u20102<\/jats:italic> gene of tomato confers resistance to strains of the biotrophic pathogenic fungus <jats:italic>Cladosporium fulvum<\/jats:italic> carrying avirulence gene <jats:italic>Avr2<\/jats:italic>. To allow dissection of the biochemical mechanism of perception of AVR2 by Cf\u20102, we set out to clone the <jats:italic>Avr2<\/jats:italic> gene. Here, we report the functional cloning of <jats:italic>Avr2<\/jats:italic> cDNA, based on the induction of a hypersensitive response (HR) by the encoded AVR2 protein in Cf2 tomato plants. Analysis of strains of <jats:italic>C. fulvum<\/jats:italic> that are virulent on Cf2 tomato lines revealed various independent frameshift mutations in the <jats:italic>Avr2<\/jats:italic> open reading frame (ORF) and a point mutation resulting in a premature stop codon. All modifications result in the production of truncated AVR2 proteins. Interestingly, an additional modification involves the insertion of a LINE\u2010like element, Cfl1, in the <jats:italic>Avr2<\/jats:italic> ORF. Cfl1 is the first LINE\u2010like element identified in <jats:italic>C. fulvum<\/jats:italic> and provides the first example of loss of avirulence of a plant pathogen caused by insertion of a retrotransposable element in an <jats:italic>Avr<\/jats:italic> gene. Rcr3 represents an additional plant protein that is specifically required for <jats:italic>Cf\u20102<\/jats:italic>\u2010mediated resistance. Analysis of two different rcr3 mutant Cf2 tomato plants revealed that their ability to respond to AVR2 with a HR correlates with their degree of resistance to AVR2\u2010producing strains of <jats:italic>C. fulvum<\/jats:italic>. These data support a role for Rcr3 in the perception of AVR2 by Cf\u20102.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2002.03060.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,12]],"date-time":"2003-03-12T11:45:09Z","timestamp":1047469509000},"page":"875-884","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":145,"title":["<i>Cladosporium fulvum<\/i> overcomes <i>Cf\u20102<\/i>\u2010mediated resistance by producing truncated AVR2 elicitor proteins"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Rianne","family":"Luderer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frank L. W.","family":"Takken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pierre J. G. M. de","family":"Wit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthieu H. A. 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