{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T15:44:31Z","timestamp":1776440671360,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,12,23]],"date-time":"2001-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1009065600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":297,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Plant Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Urate, a natural peroxynitrite scavenger, has been used to investigate the possible role of peroxynitrite during plant\u2010pathogen interactions. Urate greatly reduced lesion formation in <jats:italic>Arabidopsis<\/jats:italic> leaves treated with an abiotic peroxynitrite\u2010generating system or with a peroxynitrite solution, indicating that it can act as an effective scavenger in planta. In the interaction with the avirulent <jats:italic>Pseudomonas syringae<\/jats:italic> pv. <jats:italic>phaseolicola<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>avr<\/jats:italic>RPM1<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>), cell death in the inoculated area was strongly reduced by urate, without compromising disease resistance. In contrast, urate promoted discrete cell death in response to an isogenic <jats:italic>Pseudomonas syringae<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>avr<\/jats:italic>RPM1<jats:sup>\u2013<\/jats:sup>), which did not trigger an HR when inoculated alone, and it induced resistance and arrest of pathogen growth. Scavenging of peroxynitrite did not modify the response of <jats:italic>Arabidopsis<\/jats:italic> to an avirulent strain of <jats:italic>Xanthomonas campestris<\/jats:italic> pv <jats:italic>campestris<\/jats:italic>, that showed a high resistance to NO and peroxynitrite. Our data indicate that peroxynitrite plays a significant role in the responses of plants to <jats:italic>Pseudomonas syringae<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-313x.2001.00984.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,12]],"date-time":"2003-03-12T22:03:30Z","timestamp":1047506610000},"page":"529-540","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":85,"title":["Effects of urate, a natural inhibitor of peroxynitrite\u2010mediated toxicity, in the response of <i>Arabidopsis thaliana<\/i> to the bacterial pathogen <i>Pseudomonas syringae<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Josefa M.","family":"Alamillo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francisco","family":"Garc\u00eda\u2010Olmedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001,12,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3870443"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)81405-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","volume-title":"Current Protocols in Molecular Biology.","author":"Ausubel F.M.","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.py.33.090195.001503"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/niox.1999.0206"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s1360-1385(99)01451-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-313X.1996.9060851.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","first-page":"209","article-title":"Localization of hydrogen peroxide accumulation during the hypersensitive reaction of lettuce cells to Pseudomonas syringae pv phaseolicola","volume":"9","author":"Bestwick C.","year":"1997","journal-title":"Plant Cell"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s1360-1385(98)01289-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s1369-5266(99)80051-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10715769509065273"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-313X.1998.00215.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.273.20.12543"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3870230"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/29087"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.17.10328"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s1369-5266(99)00007-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/13500872-141-4-863"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-313X.2000.00835.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.18.10378"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","first-page":"1773","article-title":"Resistance gene\u2010dependent plant defense responses","volume":"8","author":"Hammond\u2010Kosack K.E.","year":"1996","journal-title":"Plant Cell"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.2.675"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.273.5283.1853"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1094\/Phyto-60-969"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","first-page":"255","article-title":"A plant homolog of the neutrophil NADPH\u2010oxidase gp 91phoxsubunit gene encodes a plasma membrane protein with Ca2+binding motifs","volume":"10","author":"Keller T.","year":"1998","journal-title":"Plant Cell"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0007-1536(80)80163-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1992.tb05572.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","first-page":"301","article-title":"Two simple media for the demonstration of phycocyanin and fluorescein","volume":"44","author":"King E.O.","year":"1954","journal-title":"J. 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