{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,22]],"date-time":"2026-03-22T04:39:15Z","timestamp":1774154355895,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,1,24]],"date-time":"2002-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1011830400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":23,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Tropical Med Int Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>First\u2010generation immigrant populations in industrialized countries frequently have a lower mortality than the host population, a finding that is unexpected and often dismissed as the result of bias. We propose an alternative explanation for a real, albeit temporal, mortality advantage. We base our argument on two premises: First, that there are differences in the progression of the health transition between the immigrants\u2019 countries of origin and industrialized host countries; and, second, that there are differences in the speed at which changes in mortality from various causes occur after migration. Mortality from treatable communicable and maternal conditions, still high in many countries of origin, quickly declines to levels close to those of the host country. Mortality from ischaemic heart disease, the most common cause of death in the host countries, takes years or decades to rise to comparable heights. This is because of the time lag between increases in risk factor levels and an increased risk of coronary death. Hence, first\u2010generation immigrants may initially experience a lower mortality than the host population, a point that has so far been under\u2010appreciated in discussions of immigrant mortality. After adopting a western lifestyle immigrants face an increasing risk of ischaemic heart disease. The increase occurs on top of a persisting risk from conditions associated with childhood deprivation, e.g. stomach cancer and stroke \u2013 the unfinished agenda of the health transition that immigrants experience.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3156.2002.00833.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,12]],"date-time":"2003-03-12T21:37:46Z","timestamp":1047505066000},"page":"4-10","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":141,"title":["<b>Time travel with Oliver Twist \u2013<\/b>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Oliver","family":"Razum","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Dorothee","family":"Twardella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,1,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.89.10.1543"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)02502-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.311.6998.171"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/10.1.51"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_2","first-page":"791","article-title":"Studies of cardiovascular disease and cause\u2010specific mortality trends in Japanese\u2010American men living in Hawaii and risk factor comparisons with other Japanese populations in the Pacific region: a review","volume":"64","author":"Benfante R","year":"1992","journal-title":"Human Biology"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(95)90398-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.316.7145.1631"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3156.1998.00310.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_2","unstructured":"DickensC(18371839)Oliver Twist. Penguin London (1994 edition)."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.321.7276.1547"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_2","unstructured":"FeachemRG PhillipsMA BulataoRA(1992)Introducing adult health. In:The Health of Adults in the Developing World(eds RG Feachem T Kjellstrom CJL Murray M Over & MA Phillips) Oxford University Press New York pp. 13\u201316."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)03482-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.322.7284.466"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1996.tb09546.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.322.7286.586"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.47.4.303"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2435.1992.tb00781.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.318.7196.1471"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.320.7251.1705"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.312.7028.401"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)04041-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.320.7243.1200"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.88.7.1074"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(84)92337-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a112296"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0895-4356(89)90002-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_2","unstructured":"OECD(2000)OECD Health Data 2000. OECD Paris."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_2","first-page":"167","article-title":"Migration bias in cancer survival rates","volume":"1","author":"Raymond L","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of Epidemiology and Biostatistics"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/28.5.919"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0021-9150(00)00384-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3156.1998.00233.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/29.1.191"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/28.4.756"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/27.1.135"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_2","first-page":"132","article-title":"Cardiovascular and cancer mortality among Canadians of European, south Asian and Chinese origin from 1979 to 1993: an analysis of 1.2 million deaths","volume":"161","author":"Sheth T","year":"1999","journal-title":"Canadian Medical Association Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_2","unstructured":"SnowJ(1855)On the Mode of Communication of Cholera.Reprinted. In: John Snow Web Site (ed. RR Frerichs)http:\/\/www.ph.ucla.edu\/epi\/snow\/snowbook.html. (accessed. 30 October 2001)."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/pmed.1998.0464"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/20.1.13"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3156.1999.00369.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1047-2797(96)00026-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_42_2","unstructured":"WHO(1996)Causes of death by sex and age. In:World Health Statistics Annual 1995. WHO Geneva."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_2","unstructured":"WHO and UNICEF(1996) Revised.1990 estimates of maternal mortality. WHO Geneva (WHO\/FRH\/MSM\/96.11)."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_44_2","first-page":"219","article-title":"Tuberculosis in a cohort of Vietnamese refugees after arrival in Denmark 1979\u20131982","volume":"2","author":"Wilcke JT","year":"1998","journal-title":"International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease"}],"container-title":["Tropical Medicine &amp; International Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1046%2Fj.1365-3156.2002.00833.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1046\/j.1365-3156.2002.00833.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,13]],"date-time":"2023-10-13T14:46:25Z","timestamp":1697208385000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1046\/j.1365-3156.2002.00833.x"}},"subtitle":["Towards an explanation for a paradoxically low mortality among recent immigrants"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002,1]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1046\/j.1365-3156.2002.00833.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1365-3156.2002.00833.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1360-2276","1365-3156"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1360-2276","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-3156","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2002,1]]}}}