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IS interneurons were studied in neocortical slices from 16\u201322\u2010day\u2010old rats using whole\u2010cell recordings, intracellular labelling and single\u2010cell RT\u2010PCR. In response to a depolarizing pulse, IS interneurons typically discharged a burst of action potentials followed by spikes emitted at an irregular frequency. Several seconds of depolarization, micromolar concentrations of 4\u2010aminopyridine, and nanomolar concentrations of either dendrotoxin I or K converted this irregular pattern to a sustained discharge, suggesting the involvement of an I<jats:sub>D<\/jats:sub>\u2010like K<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> current. The main glutamate receptor subunits detected in IS cells were GluR1 flop and GluR2 flop, GluR5 and GluR6, and NR2B and NR2D for the \u03b1\u2010amino\u20103\u2010hydroxyl\u20105\u2010methyl\u20104\u2010isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA), kainate and <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2010methyl\u2010<jats:sc>d<\/jats:sc>\u2010aspartic acid (NMDA) subtypes, respectively. Paired whole\u2010cell patch\u2010clamp recordings indicated that pyramidal neurons provide intracortical glutamatergic inputs onto IS interneurons. Most connections had high probabilities of response and exhibited frequency\u2010dependent paired pulse depression. Comparison of the amplitude distribution of paired responses suggested that most of these connections consisted of multiple functional release sites. Finally, two discrete subpopulations of IS cells could be identified based on the duration of the initial burst of action potentials and the differential expression of calretinin and choline acetyltransferase.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9568.1998.00367.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,6]],"date-time":"2003-03-06T14:13:58Z","timestamp":1046960038000},"page":"3617-3628","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":141,"title":["Properties of bipolar VIPergic interneurons and their excitation by pyramidal neurons in the rat neocortex"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"James T.","family":"Porter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Bruno","family":"Cauli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jochen F.","family":"Staiger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Bertrand","family":"Lambolez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jean","family":"Rossier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Etienne","family":"Audinat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001,12,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.17-17-06685.1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.1994.tb00572.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(97)00218-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0896-6273(94)90154-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0896-6273(94)90279-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7569903"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8011","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.15-12-08011.1995","article-title":"Two voltage\u2010dependent K+ conductances with complementary functions in postsynaptic integration at a central auditory synapse","volume":"15","author":"Brew H.M.","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. 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