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Fractalkine might be involved in neuroinflammatory processes secondary to neuronal damage, which normally occur in a time frame of days after ischaemia. We evaluated by <jats:italic>in situ<\/jats:italic> hybridization and immunohistochemistry the expression of fractalkine and CX<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>CR1 in the rat brain, after a transient occlusion of the middle cerebral artery. We found that at 12\u2003h after ischaemia neuronal fractalkine expression was transiently increased in scattered necrotic neurons of the cortex and lost from the ischaemic striatum. At 24 and 48\u2003h after ischaemia, fractalkine immunoreactivity was strongly increased in morphologically intact cortical neurons of the ischaemic penumbra where also the stress\u2010inducible HSP\u201072 was strongly up\u2010regulated. The intensity of fractalkine immunoreactivity of neurons in the penumbra returned to basal levels at 7\u2003days after ischaemia. Fractalkine synthesis was also induced in endothelial cells of the infarcted area, at 48\u2003h and 7\u2003days after ischaemia. CX<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>CR1 expression was detected in the activated microglial cells of the ischaemic tissue 24 and 48\u2003h after ischaemia, and became strongly up\u2010regulated in macrophages\/phagocytic microglia inside the infarcted tissue 7\u2003days after ischaemia. These data suggest that fractalkine may participate in the activation and chemoattraction of microglia into the infarcted tissue, and contribute to the control of leucocyte trafficking from blood vessels into the injured area.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9568.2002.02007.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,6]],"date-time":"2003-03-06T14:44:18Z","timestamp":1046961858000},"page":"1663-1668","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":115,"title":["Expression of fractalkine and its receptor, CX<sub>3<\/sub>CR1, in response to ischaemia\u2010reperfusion brain injury in the rat"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Glauco","family":"Tarozzo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marilena","family":"Campanella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michela","family":"Ghiani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Bulfone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Massimiliano","family":"Beltramo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,6,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004647-199908000-00001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/385640a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.165.1.397"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-199904010-00008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(00)80647-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(00)00117-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.20-15-j0004.2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1998.9849"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.273.37.23799"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.1999.00604.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.188.8.1413"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(99)01843-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.26.4.627"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37993","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M106434200","article-title":"TACE (ADAM17) mediates the cleavage and shedding of Fractalkine (CX3CL1)","volume":"41","author":"Garton K.J.","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. 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