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After intrastriatal injection of [<jats:sup>14<\/jats:sup>C]fumarate or [<jats:sup>14<\/jats:sup>C]malate, glutamine attained a specific activity 4.1 and 2.6 times higher than that of glutamate, respectively, indicating predominantly glial uptake of these four\u2010carbon dicarboxylates. In contrast, the three\u2010carbon dicarboxylate [<jats:sup>14<\/jats:sup>C]malonate gave a specific activity in glutamate which was approximately five times higher than that of glutamine, indicating neuronal uptake of malonate. Therefore, neurones and glia take up different types of dicarboxylates, probably by different transport mechanisms. Labelling of alanine from [<jats:sup>14<\/jats:sup>C]fumarate and [<jats:sup>14<\/jats:sup>C]malate demonstrated extensive malate decarboxylation, presumably in glia. Intravenous injection of 75\u2003\u00b5mol [U\u2010<jats:sup>13<\/jats:sup>C]fumarate rapidly led to high concentrations of [U\u2010<jats:sup>13<\/jats:sup>C]fumarate and [U\u2010<jats:sup>13<\/jats:sup>C]malate in serum, but neither substrate labelled cerebral metabolites as determined by <jats:sup>13<\/jats:sup>C NMR spectroscopy. Only after conversion of [U\u2010<jats:sup>13<\/jats:sup>C]fumarate into serum glucose was there <jats:sup>13<\/jats:sup>C\u2010labelling of cerebral metabolites, and only at &lt;10% of that obtained with 75\u2003\u00b5mol [3\u2010<jats:sup>13<\/jats:sup>C]lactate or [2\u2010<jats:sup>13<\/jats:sup>C]acetate. These findings suggest a very low transport capacity for four\u2010carbon dicarboxylates across the blood\u2013brain barrier and rule out a role for exogenous fumarate as a cerebral energy substrate.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.2002.00986.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,12]],"date-time":"2003-03-12T07:01:39Z","timestamp":1047452499000},"page":"410-419","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Cerebral dicarboxylate transport and metabolism studied with isotopically labelled fumarate, malate and malonate"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"Bj\u00f8rnar","family":"Hassel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Anders","family":"Br\u00e5the","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Dirk","family":"Petersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","first-page":"1189","article-title":"Uptake of valproic acid into rat brain is mediated by a medium\u2010chain fatty acid transporter","volume":"276","author":"Adkison K. 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