{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T19:46:38Z","timestamp":1769715998284,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,6]],"date-time":"2003-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1046908800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1920,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["conbio.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Conservation Biology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,12,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>We used visual transect surveys to study the effects of forest fragmentation on abundance of two species of Leptodactylid frogs in an Andean forest of northern Ecuador. We measured the abundances of Eleutherodactylus chloronatus and E. trepidotus at various distances from the forest edge in one large forest patch (200 ha) and four adjacent forest fragments (0.25\u20135.3 ha). We also collected data on forest characteristics (\u2003leaf litter thickness, understory density, and number and size of canopy trees) at each site. Abundance of E. chloronatus and E. trepidotus were respectively 3.5 and 2.1 times higher at sites in the large forest patch than at sites in the small fragments. Abundance of E. chloronatus was positively correlated with the log of patch size and inversely correlated with understory density. E. trepidotus abundance was not correlated with either patch size or understory density, but was inversely correlated with distance from the site to the large forest patch. The two species thus both appear to be affected by habitat fragmentation, but through different processes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Efectos de la Fragmentaci\u00f3n del H\u00e1bitat en la Abundancia de dos Especies de Ranas Leptodact\u00edlidas en un Bosque de Monta\u00f1a de los Andes<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Utilizamos datos de transectos lineales para estudiar los efectos de la fragmentaci\u00f3n del bosque sobre dos especies de ranas en los Andes del norte de Ecuador. Medimos la abundancia de Eleutherodactylus chloronatus y E. trepidotus en sitios a distancias determinadas del horde del hosque en un fragmento grande (200 ha) y cuatro fragmentos menores adyacentes (0.25\u20135.3 ha). Obtuvimos dates sobre las caracter\u00edsticas del bosque (espesor de la hojarasca, densidad del sotobosque, n\u00famero de \u00e1rboles en el dosel) en cada sitio. La abundancia de E. chloronatus y E. trepidotus fue 3.5 y 2. 1 veces mas alta en los sitios del fragmento grande one en los sitios de los fragmentos menores. La abundancia de E. chloronatus estuvo correlacionada con el logaritmo del tama\u00f1o del fragmento e inversamente correlacionada con la densidad del sotobosque. La abundancia de E. trepidotus no estuvo correlacionada con el tama\u00f1o del fragmento, ni con la densidad del sotobosque, pero s\u00ed con la distancia del sitio hasta el fragmento grande. Po lo tanto, las dos especies aparentemente son sustancialmente impactadas por la fragmentaci\u00f3n del h\u00e1bitat, pero a trav\u00e9s de procesos diferentes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1739.1997.95519.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,11]],"date-time":"2003-03-11T03:48:21Z","timestamp":1047354501000},"page":"1323-1328","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":70,"title":["Effects of Habitat Fragmentation on the Abundance of Two Species of Leptodactylid Frogs in an Andean Montane Forest"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"David M.","family":"Marsh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Peter B.","family":"Pearman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3545823"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","first-page":"365","article-title":"Movement and abundance of the yellow\u2010bellied toad, Bombina variegata","volume":"36","author":"Beshkov V. A.","year":"1980","journal-title":"Journal of Herpetology"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1739.1994.08010060.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1935620"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1739.1993.740882.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","unstructured":"Crump M. and N. J. Scott Jr. 1994. Visual encounter surveys. Pages 84\u201392 in R. W. Heyer M. A. Donnelly R. A. McDiarmid L. C. Hayek and M. S. Foster editors. Measuring and monitoring biological diversity: standard methods for amphibians. 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T.","year":"1975","journal-title":"Herpetologica"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1942661"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1444622"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-3207(90)90055-T"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-3207(91)90139-Z"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","unstructured":"Lehmkuhl J. F. and L. F. Ruggiero. 1991. Forest fragmentation in the Pacific Northwest and its potential effects on wildlife. Pages 35\u201346 in L.\u00a0F. Ruggiero K. B. Aubrey A. B. Carey and M. H. Huff editors. Wildlife and management of un\u2010managed Douglas\u2010fir forests. General technical report PNW\u2010GTR\u2010285. U.S. Forest Service Portland Oregon."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","unstructured":"Lovejoy T. E. et al. 1986. Edge and other effects of isolation on Amazon forest fragments. Pages 257\u2013285 in M. E. Soul\u00e9 editor. Conservation biology: the science of scarcity and diversity. Sinauer Associates Sunderland Massachusetts."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Evolutionary relationships, osteology, and zoogeography of the Leptodactylid frogs","volume":"53","author":"Lynch J. D.","year":"1971","journal-title":"Miscellaneous Publications of the Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1940897"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","first-page":"40","article-title":"Male mating behavior of the frog Eleutherodactylus johnstonei (Leptodactylidae) in Barbados, West Indies","volume":"48","author":"Ovaska K.","year":"1992","journal-title":"Herpetologica"},{"key":"#cr-split#-e_1_2_7_22_1.1","unstructured":"Palacios W. A. G. Tipaz and D. A. Neill. 1993. A remnant high\u2010elevation forest in the Andes of northern Ecuador: floristic composition structure and diversity. Page 75 in H. Balslev editor. 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