{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T21:05:13Z","timestamp":1791234313215,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,3,7]],"date-time":"2002-03-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1015459200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Br J Haematol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Summary.<\/jats:bold> Chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is an autoimmune disorder in which activated T\u2010helper (Th) cells and different Th\u2010cell cytokines might play an important role. We have recently reported that chronic ITP patients in remission had elevated plasma levels of the Th3 cytokine transforming growth factor\u2010\u03b21 (TGF\u2010\u03b21), possibly as a part of a bystander immune suppression. In the present study we found that, in ITP patients with active disease [platelet count (plc)\u2003&lt;\u200350\u2003\u00d7\u200310<jats:sup>9<\/jats:sup>\/l], mitogen\u2010stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) had a significantly reduced production of TGF\u2010\u03b21 (444\u2003\u00b1\u2003178\u2003pg\/ml; <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u20036) compared with patients with plc 50\u2013150\u2003\u00d7\u200310<jats:sup>9<\/jats:sup>\/l (1293\u2003\u00b1\u2003374\u2003pg\/ml; <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u20039; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003&lt;\u20030\u00b705), patients with plc\u2003&gt;\u200a150\u2003\u00d7\u200310<jats:sup>9<\/jats:sup>\/l (1894\u2003\u00b1\u2003244\u2003pg\/ml; <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> =\u200a12; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt;\u200a0\u00b7005) and healthy controls (1698\u2003\u00b1\u2003241\u2003pg\/ml; <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u200310; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003&lt;\u20030\u00b701). Nineteen per cent of ITP patients expressed a platelet\u2010induced PBMC proliferation. Surprisingly, 22% of the ITP patients had a PBMC proliferation below the normal range, i.e. a suppressed proliferation in the presence of platelets; five of these six patients had active disease. In summary, this study demonstrated that chronic ITP patients with active disease had reduced PBMC production of the Th3 cytokine TGF\u2010\u03b21. This result gives further support to the theory that chronic ITP in active phase is associated with a downregulated Th3\u2010response.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0007-1048.2002.03345.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,11]],"date-time":"2003-03-11T06:43:05Z","timestamp":1047364985000},"page":"862-867","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["Reduced transforming growth factor\u2010\u03b21 production by mononuclear cells from patients with active chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"116","author":[{"given":"Per\u2010Ola","family":"Andersson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Olsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hans","family":"Wadenvik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,3,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002770000177"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","first-page":"36","article-title":"Management of chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura in children and adults","volume":"35","author":"Blanchette V.","year":"1998","journal-title":"Seminars in Hematology"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.185.10.1769"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7520605"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.144.2.432","article-title":"Transforming growth factor beta 1 has differential effects on B cell proliferation and activation antigen expression","volume":"144","author":"Cross D.","year":"1990","journal-title":"Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/08916939609001950"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-200010150-00020"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2141.1996.4871026.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-8652(199802)57:2<119::AID-AJH5>3.3.CO;2-S"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V76.10.1946.1946"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI118779"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.1993.tb03102.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V82.5.1538.1538"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80170-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.2830490328"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/6.3.469"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.165.5.2500"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2141.2001.02893.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3855","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.137.12.3855","article-title":"Transforming growth factor beta is an important immunomodulatory protein for human B lymphocytes","volume":"137","author":"Kehrl J.H.","year":"1986","journal-title":"Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.163.5.1037"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1868","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.143.6.1868","article-title":"Further studies of the role of transforming growth factor\u2010beta in human B cell function","volume":"143","author":"Kehrl J.H.","year":"1989","journal-title":"Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.1985.tb07400.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-199402000-00018","article-title":"Regulation of new DNA synthesis in mammalian cells by cyclosporine. 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