{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T17:36:26Z","timestamp":1791048986293,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,11,27]],"date-time":"2003-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1069891200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neuropathology Appl Neurobio"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>IL\u201016 is a natural ligand for the CD4 molecule and is known for its chemotactic and anti\u2010HIV\u20101 activities. We determined IL\u201016 expression in human brain tissue with HIV\u20101 encephalitis by specific immunocytochemistry and showed that infiltrating lymphocytes and activated microglia express IL\u201016. IL\u201016 immunoreactivity was particularly pronounced in microglial nodules. <jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic>, human foetal microglia and not astrocytes produce IL\u201016, and HIV\u20101 infection up\u2010regulates microglial IL\u201016 release in a Nef\u2010dependent manner. These results support the notion that, in the brain, IL\u201016 is a macrophage\u2010lineage specific modulator of the inflammatory response and HIV\u20101 expression. Recruitment of IL\u201016+ T cells and microglia\/macrophages may represent an innate response to HIV\u20101 infection in the central nervous system that counterbalances viral stimulatory factors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0305-1846.2003.00527.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,12,27]],"date-time":"2004-12-27T12:11:06Z","timestamp":1104149466000},"page":"233-242","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["IL\u201016 expression in lymphocytes and microglia in HIV\u20101 encephalitis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"M.\u2010L.","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Q.","family":"Si","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. C.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,11,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jlb.67.6.757"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.138.11.3817"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.157.12.5240"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.158.1.5","article-title":"IL\u201016 represses HIV\u20101 promoter activity","volume":"158","author":"Maciaszek JW","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3114","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.161.6.3114","article-title":"Tissue and T cell distribution of precursor and mature IL\u201016","volume":"161","author":"Chupp GL","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.273.2.1144"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1007\/s004010000284","article-title":"Local distribution of microglia in the normal adult human central nervous system differs by up to one order of magnitude","volume":"101","author":"Mittelbronn M","year":"2001","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol (Berl)"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1165\/ajrcmb.17.2.2750"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004019900172"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4547(19960615)44:6<606::AID-JNR11>3.0.CO;2-W"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5728(00)00433-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0736-5748(00)00063-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/378563a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1517\/14712598.1.3.425"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.163.2.906","article-title":"Processing, secretion, and anti\u2010HIV\u20101 activity of IL\u201016 with or without a signal peptide in CD4+ T cells","volume":"163","author":"Zhou P","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1958","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.157.5.1958","article-title":"CD4 ligand IL\u201016 inhibits the mixed lymphocyte reaction","volume":"157","author":"Theodore AC","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/314550"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","first-page":"99","volume-title":"HIV, AIDS and the Brain, ARNMD.","author":"Dickson DW","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-3527(08)60804-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-695X.1999.tb01394.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-3639.2002.tb00461.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005072-199901000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5728(00)00463-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_2","first-page":"465","article-title":"Characterization of human fetal dissociated CNS cultures with an emphasis on microglia","volume":"67","author":"Lee SC","year":"1992","journal-title":"Lab Invest"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.2002.1613"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2659","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.150.7.2659","article-title":"Cytokine production by human fetal microglia and astrocytes: differential induction by LPS and IL\u20101\u03b2","volume":"150","author":"Lee SC","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.19-18-07770.1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.4.1541"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_2","first-page":"71","volume-title":"Molecular Biology of Multiple Sclerosis.","author":"Lee SC","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/brbi.1995.1032"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M103244200"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5790","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.71.8.5790-5798.1997","article-title":"Molecular and biological characterization of a neurovirulent molecular clone of simian immunodeficiency virus","volume":"71","author":"Flaherty MT","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/12433"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-9822(01)00237-8"}],"container-title":["Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1046%2Fj.0305-1846.2003.00527.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1046%2Fj.0305-1846.2003.00527.x","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1046\/j.0305-1846.2003.00527.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,14]],"date-time":"2023-10-14T15:43:22Z","timestamp":1697298202000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1046\/j.0305-1846.2003.00527.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2003,11,27]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1046\/j.0305-1846.2003.00527.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.0305-1846.2003.00527.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0305-1846","1365-2990"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0305-1846","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2990","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2003,11,27]]}}}