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The present study examines alterations in \u03b14 and \u03b17 nAChR subunit cellular expression in human hippocampus and entorhinal cortex from normal elderly individuals with known smoking history. There were significant increases in the intensity of \u03b14 immunoreactive neuropil, but not the number of cell bodies, in many regions of hippocampus and entorhinal cortex in smokers compared to age\u2010matched non\u2010smokers and ex\u2010smokers. There was also an increase in \u03b17 immunoreactive perikarya in the granular cell layer of dentate gyrus in smokers but not other regions examined. There was, in contrast, a significant reduction in \u03b17 immunoreactive astrocytes in smokers and ex\u2010smokers compared to non\u2010smokers. These findings suggest exposure to tobacco smoke acutely up\u2010regulates \u03b14 receptors in axon terminals and dendrites but not perikarya, whereas tobacco smoking induced down\u2010regulation of \u03b17 expression on astrocytes is a long\u2010term effect. As the \u03b14 subunit decreases with ageing and degenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, whereas \u03b17 increases in astrocytes in Alzheimer's disease, the findings further indicate the therapeutic relevance of nicotinic agonists such as nicotine.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0305-1846.2003.00528.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,12,27]],"date-time":"2004-12-27T12:11:06Z","timestamp":1104149466000},"page":"243-254","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Selective changes in nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes related to tobacco smoking: an immunohistochemical study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"T.","family":"Teaktong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. 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