{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T22:44:11Z","timestamp":1784241851646,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"s1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,12,21]],"date-time":"2001-12-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1008892800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":111,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Acad Dermatol Venereol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Diaper dermatitis is a common childhood affliction. Aiming to help reduce the prevalence of this problem, we have advanced in our development of a novel diaper that delivers dermatological formulations to help protect the skin from over\u2010hydration and irritation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine the clinical benefits of a novel disposable diaper designed to deliver a zinc oxide and petrolatum\u2010based formulation continuously to the skin during use.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>All studies were independent, blinded, randomized clinical trials. Study A was conducted to confirm transfer of the zinc oxide\/petrolatum (ZnO\/Pet) formulation from the diaper to the child\u2019s skin during use. Children wore a single diaper for 3\u00a0h or multiple diapers for 24\u00a0h. After the use period, stratum corneum samples were taken from each child and analysed for ZnO\/Pet. Study B evaluated the prevention of skin irritation and barrier damage from a standard skin irritant (SLS) in an adult arm model. Study C evaluated skin erythema and diaper rash in 268 infants over a 4\u2010week usage period. One half of the infants used the ZnO\/Pet diaper, while the other half used a control diaper that was identical except for the absence of the ZnO\/Pet formulation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The ointment formulation and ZnO transferred effectively from the diaper to the child\u2019s skin during product use. Transfer of ZnO increased from 4.2\u00a0\u00b5g\/cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> at 3\u00a0h to &gt;\u00a08\u00a0\u00b5g\/cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> at 24\u00a0h. Exposure to the formulations directly on adult skin prior to an irritant challenge was associated with up to a 3.5 reduction in skin barrier damage and skin erythema. Greatest reductions were seen for the ZnO containing formulations. Wearing of the formulation treated diaper was also associated with a significant reduction in skin erythema and diaper rash compared to the control product.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results demonstrated the clinical benefits associated with continuous topical administration of a zinc oxide\/petrolatum\u2010based formulation by this novel diaper.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0926-9959.2001.00002.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,12]],"date-time":"2003-03-12T04:41:08Z","timestamp":1047444068000},"page":"5-11","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":83,"title":["Skin benefits from continuous topical administration of a zinc oxide\/petrolatum formulation by a novel disposable diaper"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"S","family":"Baldwin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M R","family":"Odio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S L","family":"Haines","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R J","family":"O'Connor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J S","family":"Englehart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A T","family":"Lane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001,12,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","first-page":"239","volume-title":"Neonatal Skin: Structure and Function","author":"Hurwitz S.","year":"1982"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","first-page":"71","article-title":"Etiology and pathophysiology of diaper dermatitis","volume":"3","author":"Berg 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