{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,16]],"date-time":"2026-08-16T07:07:37Z","timestamp":1786864057415,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,2,27]],"date-time":"2002-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1014768000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":332,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brit J Clinical Pharma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Aims\u2002<\/jats:bold> The aim of this study was to investigate the prolactin (PRL) secretion and the growth hormone (GH)\u2010insulin\u2010like growth factor I (IGF\u2010I) axis in relation to gender and side\u2010effects and dose of antipsychotic drugs during long\u2010term treatment.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods\u2002<\/jats:bold> Forty\u2010seven patients (21 men and 26 women), diagnosed with schizophrenia or related psychoses according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM\u2010IV) criteria and treated with different classical antipsychotics, were studied. Prolactin, GH and IGF\u2010I were measured, as well as the serum concentration of the antipsychotics. In addition, body mass index (BMI) was calculated.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results\u2002<\/jats:bold> The median daily, as well as the median body weight, adjusted daily dose of antipsychotic drugs was twofold higher in male compared with female patients. Antipsychotic\u2010induced hyperprolactinaemia was more frequent and occurred at a lower daily dose of antipsychotics in women. Irrespective of sex, more than half of the patients had elevated BMI. Two patients had a slight increment in IGF\u2010I levels, whereas the GH concentration, as assessed on a single occasion, was normal in all patients.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions\u2002<\/jats:bold> Patients on long\u2010term antipsychotic therapy, with doses adjusted according to therapeutic efficiency, exhibited hyperprolactinaemia and elevated BMI, but no obvious influence on the GH\u2010IGF\u2010I axis. Furthermore, it appeared that the males required twice the dose of antipsychotic compared with females.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2125.2001.01352.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,11]],"date-time":"2003-03-11T04:41:19Z","timestamp":1047357679000},"page":"317-324","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":77,"title":["Dose requirement and prolactin elevation of antipsychotics in male and female patients with schizophrenia or related psychoses"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Kristina I.","family":"Melkersson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna\u2010Lena","family":"Hulting","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anders J.","family":"Rane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1976.01770030003001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1978.01770250110011"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/277093a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3999(72)90013-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","first-page":"181","article-title":"Neuroendocrinological study of amenorrhea induced by antipsychotic drugs","volume":"34","author":"Inoue H","year":"1980","journal-title":"Folia Psych Neurol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-198208000-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0278-5846(85)90082-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.1976.tb01953.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","first-page":"531","article-title":"Effects of sulpiride and l\u2010dopa on prolactin secretion: comparison between men and women","volume":"5","author":"Zanoboni A","year":"1977","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1681.1992.tb00511.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","first-page":"809","volume-title":"Psychopharmacology: the Third Generation of Progress","author":"Lal S","year":"1987"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","first-page":"199","article-title":"Hormonal evaluation in schizophrenic patients treated with neuroleptics","volume":"20","author":"Melkersson K","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neuroendocrin Lett"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.1993.tb00974.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","first-page":"315","article-title":"Receptors for neuroleptic drugs","volume":"3","author":"Leysen JE","year":"1984","journal-title":"Adv Hum Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/1044-5765(92)90008-P"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","first-page":"163","article-title":"Comment. 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