{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T19:16:28Z","timestamp":1760296588013},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,3]],"date-time":"2008-10-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1222992000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3077,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Br J Haematol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Treatment with recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) improves anaemia in \u2248\u200a20% of the patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Recent reports suggest that a combination treatment with rhEPO plus recombinant human granulocyte colony\u2010stimulating factor (rhG\u2010CSF) given for up to 18\u2003weeks may result in a higher erythroid response rate than with rhEPO alone. We investigated the potential advantage of an even more prolonged schedule of combined rhG\u2010CSF and rhEPO treatment to obtain and maintain stable responses. In a phase II study, 33 patients with MDS [17 with refractory anaemia (RA), eight with RA with ringed sideroblasts (RARS), eight with RA with excess blasts (RAEB) with bone marrow blast counts less than 20%] were scheduled to receive at least 36\u2003weeks of combined therapy with rhG\u2010CSF and rhEPO. Seventeen of 28 evaluable patients demonstrated an erythroid response [61%; 95% confidence interval (CI) 41\u201378] after 12\u2003weeks of treatment. The erythroid response rate was 80% (20 of 25 evaluable patients; 95% CI 59\u201393) after 36\u2003weeks. Seven of these responses developed between week 12 and week 36, whereas two initially responding patients became refractory. The cytokine therapy was generally well tolerated. Nineteen of the 20 patients responding after 36\u2003weeks continued to be treated with both cytokines. After 1\u2003year and 2\u2003years of continuous combined treatment, 50% of the initially included patients showed a continuing response. Our results suggest that a prolonged combination treatment with rhG\u2010CSF and rhEPO is highly effective in achieving a stable and long\u2010lasting erythroid response in many patients with MDS and low blast count.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2141.2000.02016.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,11]],"date-time":"2003-03-11T06:24:20Z","timestamp":1047363860000},"page":"367-375","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":82,"title":["Treatment of anaemia in myelodysplastic syndromes with prolonged administration of recombinant human granulocyte colony\u2010stimulating factor and erythropoietin"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"109","author":[{"given":"Luisa","family":"Mantovani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Lentini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bettina","family":"Hentschel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Premaratne Dias","family":"Wickramanayake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Loeffler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Volker","family":"Diehl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hans","family":"Tesch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10428199309148507"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","first-page":"601","article-title":"Effect of chemotherapy for the dysmyelopoietic syndromes","volume":"65","author":"Armitage J.O.","year":"1981","journal-title":"Cancer Treatment Reports"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.1982.tb02771.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/stem.5530080647"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.1991.tb08594.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V79.1.29.29"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","first-page":"118","article-title":"Serum erythropoietin level and marrow erythroid infiltration predict response to recombinant\u2010human\u2010erythropoietin in myelodysplastic syndromes","volume":"78","author":"Depaoli L.","year":"1993","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","first-page":"33","article-title":"Preleukemic states. 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