{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T22:24:52Z","timestamp":1785450292541,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1998,7,1]],"date-time":"1998-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":899251200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The open subtotal cholecystectomy technique has simplified removal of the difficult gallbladder. Increasing laparoscopic experience has made laparoscopic subtotal cholecystectomy (LSC) a feasible option in patients with complicated acute or chronic cholecystitis.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>LSC was performed in 29 patients with severe inflammation or fibrosis of the gallbladder associated with gallstone disease over a 23-month period. These 29 patients (mean age 53 years; 22 women) constituted 8\u00b75 per cent of the total number of laparoscopic cholecystectomies performed (n = 340) and 15\u00b76 per cent of 186 patients with acute cholecystitis. Eighteen patients in the latter group underwent conversion to open cholecystectomy. The indications for LSC were acute cholecystitis\/empyema (n = 23) and severe fibrosis (n = 6).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The cystic duct was either clipped before division (n = 15), sutured (n = 2) or ligated using an Endoloop (n = 10). In two patients the gallbladder bed was drained without isolating the cystic duct. The posterior wall of the gallbladder was left intact to avoid excessive bleeding or damage to bile ducts in the gallbladder bed. A suction drain was inserted in 14 cases. Median operating time was 73 (range 45\u2013130) min. One patient died after operation from a myocardial infarction. Six patients had local complications (two haematomas, three bile leaks, one minor wound sepsis) and nine developed respiratory infections. Median hospital stay was 5 (range 2\u201328) days.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>LSC is a safe, relatively simple and definitive procedure allowing removal of a difficult gallbladder and reducing the need for open conversion or cholecystostomy in the majority of patients.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2168.1998.00749.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,11]],"date-time":"2003-03-11T07:01:54Z","timestamp":1047366114000},"page":"904-906","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":94,"title":["Laparoscopic subtotal cholecystectomy in patients with complicated acute cholecystitis or fibrosis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"85","author":[{"given":"K","family":"Michalowski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgical Gastroenterology, Department of Surgery and The Medical Research Council Liver Research Centre, University of Cape Town and Groote Schuur Hospital , Observatory, Cape Town,","place":["South Africa"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P C","family":"Bornman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgical Gastroenterology, Department of Surgery and The Medical Research Council Liver Research Centre, University of Cape Town and Groote Schuur Hospital , Observatory, Cape Town,","place":["South Africa"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J E J","family":"Krige","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgical Gastroenterology, Department of Surgery and The Medical Research Council Liver Research Centre, University of Cape Town and Groote Schuur Hospital , Observatory, Cape Town,","place":["South Africa"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P J","family":"Gallagher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgical Gastroenterology, Department of Surgery and The Medical Research Council Liver Research Centre, University of Cape Town and Groote Schuur Hospital , Observatory, Cape Town,","place":["South Africa"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Terblanche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgical Gastroenterology, Department of Surgery and The Medical Research Council Liver Research Centre, University of Cape Town and Groote Schuur Hospital , Observatory, Cape Town,","place":["South Africa"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1998,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024092914231157500_bib1","first-page":"101","article-title":"An analysis of the problem of biliary injury during laparoscopic cholecystectomy","volume":"180","author":"Strasberg","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Am Coll Surg"},{"key":"2024092914231157500_bib2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Subtotal cholecystectomy: for the difficult gallbladder in portal hypertension and cholecystitis","volume":"98","author":"Bornman","year":"1985","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"2024092914231157500_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1326","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800781119","article-title":"Subtotal cholecystectomy","volume":"78","author":"Cottier","year":"1991","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"2024092914231157500_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1445-2197.1990.tb07438.x","article-title":"Partial cholecystectomy","volume":"60","author":"Douglas","year":"1990","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Surg"},{"key":"2024092914231157500_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1155\/1996\/14515","article-title":"Subtotal cholecystectomy","volume":"9","author":"Katsohis","year":"1996","journal-title":"HPB Surg"},{"key":"2024092914231157500_bib6","first-page":"20","article-title":"Laparoscopic subtotal cholecystectomy","volume":"40","author":"Crosthwaite","year":"1995","journal-title":"J R Coll Surg Edinb"},{"key":"2024092914231157500_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1007\/s002689900008","article-title":"Laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis: is it really safe?","volume":"20","author":"Kum","year":"1996","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"key":"2024092914231157500_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1651","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800811130","article-title":"Laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis","volume":"81","author":"Kum","year":"1994","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"2024092914231157500_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-199601000-00001","article-title":"Current status of conventional (open) cholecystectomy versus laparoscopic cholecystectomy","volume":"223","author":"Sawyers","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"2024092914231157500_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800791232","article-title":"Endoscopic management of postoperative bile leaks","volume":"79","author":"Mortensen","year":"1992","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"2024092914231157500_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5107(97)70270-0","article-title":"Postcholecystectomy biliary leaks in the laparoscopic era: risk factors, presentation, and management. McGill Gallstone Treatment Group","volume":"45","author":"Barkun","year":"1997","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"}],"container-title":["Journal of British Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1046%2Fj.1365-2168.1998.00749.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/bjs\/article-pdf\/85\/7\/904\/59433891\/bjs161.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/bjs\/article-pdf\/85\/7\/904\/59433891\/bjs161.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,29]],"date-time":"2024-09-29T14:23:21Z","timestamp":1727619801000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/bjs\/article\/85\/7\/904\/6270025"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1998,7,1]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1998,7,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,7,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1365-2168.1998.00749.x","relation":{},"ISSN":["0007-1323","1365-2168"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0007-1323","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2168","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[1998,7]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[1998,7,1]]}}}