{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T15:32:45Z","timestamp":1773329565072,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,6,1]],"date-time":"2000-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":959817600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"The Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Needle electromyography (EMG) remains the \u2018gold standard\u2019 for the assessment of external anal sphincter innervation. It is, however, an invasive and poorly tolerated technique. In this study a quantitative form of surface electromyography was compared with needle EMG of the external anal sphincter.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Invasive needle EMG to assess mean fibre density and neuromuscular jitter was compared directly with quantitative surface EMG in 37 patients with faecal incontinence and 12 age-matched controls.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>There was a significant positive correlation between mean fibre density on needle EMG and maximum turns rate on surface EMG (rs = 0\u00b748 (95 per cent confidence interval 0\u00b728\u20130\u00b776), P = 0\u00b7003). Furthermore, surface EMG was able to discriminate between patients with normal neuromuscular jitter and those with increased jitter, a measure of progressive denervation and reinnervation, on the basis of reduced rectified mean surface signal (P = 0\u00b702, Fisher's exact test).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Quantitative surface EMG may potentially replace invasive needle EMG as the investigation of choice in the assessment of anal sphincter electrophysiology.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2168.2000.01416.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,11]],"date-time":"2003-03-11T07:14:18Z","timestamp":1047366858000},"page":"814-818","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["On-line quantitative analysis of surface electromyography of the pelvic floor in patients with faecal incontinence"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"87","author":[{"given":"A S","family":"Gee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University Department of Surgery, Bristol Royal Infirmary , Bristol,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R S J","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multiple Sclerosis Research Unit, Bristol General Hospital , Bristol,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P","family":"Durdey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Department of Surgery, Bristol Royal Infirmary , Bristol,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2000,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024093004034672300_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.43.4.343","article-title":"Increased motor unit fibre density in the external anal sphincter muscle in ano-rectal incontinence: a single fibre EMG study","volume":"43","author":"Neill","year":"1980","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"2024093004034672300_bib2","first-page":"1265","article-title":"Preoperative increase in neuromuscular jitter and outcome following surgery for faecal incontinence","volume":"84","author":"Gee","year":"1997","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"2024093004034672300_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1118","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9993(94)90087-6","article-title":"Electromyographic signal frequency analysis in evaluating muscle fatigue of patients with peripheral arterial disease","volume":"75","author":"Casale","year":"1994","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"2024093004034672300_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"946","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02050631","article-title":"A new probe for measuring electromyographic activity from multiple sites in the anal canal","volume":"36","author":"Eisman","year":"1993","journal-title":"Dis Col Rectum"},{"key":"2024093004034672300_bib5","first-page":"89","article-title":"Circumvaginal surface electromyography in women with urinary incontinence and in healthy volunteers","volume":"157","author":"Gunnarsson","year":"1994","journal-title":"Scand J Urol Nephrol Suppl"},{"key":"2024093004034672300_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-200X.1991.tb01548.x","article-title":"The clinical use of multichannel surface electromyography","volume":"33","author":"Kumagai","year":"1991","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr Jpn"},{"key":"2024093004034672300_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1223","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199405310-00006","article-title":"Electromyographic median frequency changes during isometric contraction of the back extensors to fatigue","volume":"19","author":"Mannion","year":"1994","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"2024093004034672300_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00237781","article-title":"Amplitude and frequency measures of surface electromyography during dual task elbow torque production","volume":"66","author":"Caldwell","year":"1993","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"2024093004034672300_bib9","first-page":"313","article-title":"Surface electromyogram during voluntary contraction: processing tools and relation to physiological events","volume":"21","author":"Duchene","year":"1993","journal-title":"Crit Rev Biomed Eng"},{"key":"2024093004034672300_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(88)90175-8","article-title":"Internal anal sphincter in neurogenic fecal incontinence","volume":"95","author":"Lubowski","year":"1988","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2024093004034672300_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.880090507","article-title":"Simulation and analysis of the electromyographic interference pattern in normal muscle. 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