{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,28]],"date-time":"2025-09-28T08:24:49Z","timestamp":1759047889800},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,12,24]],"date-time":"2001-12-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1009152000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1057,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Experimental Allergy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background and objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Allergic contact dermatitis and its animal model, contact hypersensitivity (CHS), have long been documented as type 1 T\u2010cell\u2010predominant immune responses. Although type 1\/type 2 T\u2010cell deviation has been repeatedly demonstrated to play an important role in many human diseases and their animal models, the potential of tilting type 1\/type 2 T\u2010cell differentiation of CHS by modulating the manner of administration and dosage of hapten remains unexplored. This study examined the effect of these two factors on type 1\/type 2 balance of CHS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>ELISA methods for detection of isotypes of hapten\u2010specific antibodies and cytokine profiles of <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> reactivation culture as well as ear\u2010swelling assay were used to indicate type 1 or type 2 T\u2010cell immune responses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this paper, it was demonstrated that dosage of hapten has no effect on the type 1\/type 2 T\u2010cell balance of CHS, whereas epicutaneous administration of hapten through patch application could tilt the type 1\/type 2 balance to decrease type 1 and to augment type 2 T\u2010cell responses. Patch application\u2010induced modulation is still effective in ever\u2010sensitized mice and the augmented type 2 T\u2010cell responses are persistent and increase progressively in strength after repeated immunizations. Moreover, it was demonstrated that the augmented type 2 T\u2010cell response can downregulate the elicitation of CHS. The major mediating cells of the enhanced type 2 T\u2010cell responses were determined to be CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells (TH2 cells).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>These data show that epicutaneous administration of hapten through patch application augments TH2 response which can downregulate the elicitation of murine CHS. This exploration may contribute to the understanding of regulatory mechanisms involved in contact allergy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2222.1999.00498.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,11]],"date-time":"2003-03-11T09:36:32Z","timestamp":1047375392000},"page":"271-279","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Epicutaneous administration of hapten through patch application augments TH2 responses which can downregulate the elicitation of murine contact hypersensitivity"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001,12,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.136.7.2348"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/smim.1997.0065"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1925582"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12480966"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.15.1.297"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3929","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.135.6.3929","article-title":"Isolation and characterization of Ni\u2010specific T cell clones from patients with Ni\u2010contact dermatitis","volume":"135","author":"Sinigaglia F","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4661","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.155.10.4661","article-title":"IL\u201012 as mediator and adjuvant for the induction of contact sensitivity in vivo","volume":"155","author":"Muller G","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.183.3.1001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","first-page":"185","article-title":"Contact sensitization to oxazolone: involvement of both interferon\u2010 and interleukin\u20104 in oxazolone\u2010specific Ig and T\u2010cell responses","volume":"78","author":"Thomson JA","year":"1993","journal-title":"Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","first-page":"1956","article-title":"Overexpression of IL\u201010 in atopic dermatitis","volume":"154","author":"Ohmen JD","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/cimm.1995.1196"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2500","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.158.5.2500","article-title":"Dichotomy of blood and skin\u2010derived IL\u20104\u2010producing allergen\u2010specific T cells and restricted V repertoire in nickel\u2010mediated contact dermatitis","volume":"158","author":"Werfel T","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12289700"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.179.5.1597"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12393073"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.182.1.99"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1411","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.148.5.1411","article-title":"Anti\u2010inflammatory action of IL\u20104. 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