{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T04:45:41Z","timestamp":1761540341011},"reference-count":5,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"s1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,1,2]],"date-time":"2002-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1009929600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":580,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Experimental Allergy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>There is considerable evidence to support an important role for co\u2010stimulatory molecules in regulating the proliferation and activation of T cells in the immune response. Of particular relevance is the interaction between CD28 on T cells and B7 expressed on the surface of antigen presenting cells (APCs). CTLA\u20104, another molecule present on activated T cells may downregulate T cell activity, but its role remains uncertain. CTLA4\u2010Ig, a fusion protein consisting of the extracellular domain of CTLA4 and the Fc portion of human immunoglobulin G1 (IgG<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>), has been useful for studying the role of CD28\/B7 interactions in immune responses. A number of studies have shown that CTLA4\u2010Ig can switch off T cell activation. In an ovalbumin sensitive murine model of asthma, CTLA4\u2010Ig treatment suppressed the response to inhaled allergen (increased airway hyperresponsiveness [AHR], IgE production, recruitment of eosinophils into the lungs, production of IL\u20104, IL\u20105, and IL\u201010 and increased IFN\u03b3 production from CD3\u2010TCR\u2010activated T cells). Anti B7\u20132 treatment has similar effects suggesting that interaction of B7\u20132 with CD28 is important in the development of a Th\u20102 type inflammatory response in mice. Recent observations have been of relevance to human allergic disease. <jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic> studies have shown that CTLA4\u2010Ig or anti\u2010B7\u20132 antibody can inhibit allergen\u2010induced proliferation and cytokine production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells from atopic subjects. The role of co\u2010stimulation has been studied in a human bronchial explant model of asthma. CTLA4\u2010Ig fusion protein effectively blocked allergen\u2010induced production of IL\u20105 and IL\u201013 in bronchial explants from atopic asthmatics. These studies confirm the requirement for interaction between co\u2010stimulatory molecules in cytokine production and allergic inflammation, and point to the CD28\u2010B7 pathway as being important to the allergen\u2010induced inflammation in asthma. Studies of organ transplantation in primates suggest that CTLA4\u2010Ig is extremely effective in preventing organ rejection. While phase 1 clinical trials have shown CTLA\u20104\u2010Ig treatment of patients with psoriasis vulgaris to be well tolerated and to result in clinical improvement, its role in asthma management merits further investigation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2222.2000.00097.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,11]],"date-time":"2003-03-11T09:44:42Z","timestamp":1047375882000},"page":"46-50","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["The role of co\u2010stimulation in airway inflammation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"family":"Djukanovic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,1,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.185.9.1671"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI6952"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6375","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.161.11.6375","article-title":"Costimulation through CD86 is involved in airway antigen\u2010presenting cell and T cell responses to allergen in atopic asthmatics","volume":"161","author":"Larche M","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1165\/ajrcmb.20.1.3255"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.164.1.412"}],"container-title":["Clinical &amp; Experimental Allergy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1046%2Fj.1365-2222.2000.00097.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1046%2Fj.1365-2222.2000.00097.x","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1046\/j.1365-2222.2000.00097.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,26]],"date-time":"2023-09-26T18:18:24Z","timestamp":1695752304000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1046\/j.1365-2222.2000.00097.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2000,6]]},"references-count":5,"journal-issue":{"issue":"s1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1046\/j.1365-2222.2000.00097.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1365-2222.2000.00097.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0954-7894","1365-2222"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0954-7894","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2222","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2000,6]]}}}