{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T23:23:28Z","timestamp":1792193008671,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,23]],"date-time":"2008-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1222128000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3157,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Experimental Allergy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Bites by poisonous European snakes of the genus Vipera lead to local tissue damage and systemic symptoms such as generalized oedema, hypotension, gastrointestinal symptoms, haemolysis and renal dysfunction. Not rarely anaphylactic symptoms like urticaria, localized angioedema and asthma are observed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To look for snake venom\u2010specific immunoglobulin (Ig) E antibodies in patients with a history of bites by European vipers and for cross\u2010reactions with Hymenoptera venoms, that have a similar composition.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ten patients with a history of bites by <jats:italic>Vipera aspis<\/jats:italic> or <jats:italic>Vipera berus<\/jats:italic> were investigated. Three patients had been bitten only once, and two of these had developed only local reactions. Four reported previous allergic reactions to Hymenoptera stings. All patients, 10 Hymenoptera venom\u2010allergic and five nonallergic individuals who served as controls underwent i.c. skin test endpoint titration with snake (<jats:italic>V<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>aspis<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>V<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>berus<\/jats:italic>) and Hymenoptera venoms (honey bee, <jats:italic>Vespula<\/jats:italic> spp.) and were investigated for specific serum IgE antibodies to the same venoms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Seven of the eight patients with systemic snake bite reactions had both positive skin tests and serum IgE antibodies to snake venoms, while these tests were negative in the two patients with only local reactions to snake bites and all controls. Seven of the eight patients with systemic snake bite reaction also had positive skin tests and specific IgE with one or both Hymenoptera venoms. By RAST\u2010inhibition with sera of four patients with high IgE to both Vipera and Hymenoptera venoms, partial cross\u2010reactivity could be demonstrated in one.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Anaphylactic reactions following snake bites may be IgE\u2010mediated, especially in patients with repeated bites.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2222.2000.00697.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,11]],"date-time":"2003-03-11T09:41:51Z","timestamp":1047375711000},"page":"267-282","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Are anaphylactic reactions to snake bites immunoglobulin E\u2010mediated?"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"family":"Reimers","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"family":"Weber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","unstructured":"PerssonH. Clinical toxicology of snakebite in Europe. In: Meier J White Julian eds. Handbook of Clinical Toxicology of Animal Venoms and Poisons. Boca Raton FL: CRC Press Inc. 1995:41332."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","first-page":"890","article-title":"Vergiftungen durch einheimische Vipern (Vipera berus und Vipera aspis)","volume":"115","author":"Stahel E","year":"1985","journal-title":"Schweiz Med Wschr"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0163-7258(90)90081-C"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-0101(92)90854-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","first-page":"62","article-title":"Venomous snake bites in Italy: epidemiological and clinical aspects","volume":"39","author":"Pozio E","year":"1988","journal-title":"Trop Med Parasit"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","first-page":"378","article-title":"Morsures de serpents (\u00e9tude orient\u00e9e sur le syndrome h\u00e9matotoxique du aux vip\u00e9rid\u00e9s)","volume":"39","author":"Robert M","year":"1981","journal-title":"M\u00e9d Hyg"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.1993.tb00887.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(85)91589-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-6749(87)90289-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.1997.tb01233.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-6749(81)90148-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-0101(93)90380-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","unstructured":"M\u00fcllerU. Insect sting allergy: Clinical picture diagnosis and treatment. New York NY: Gustav Fischer\u2010Verlag 1990:2132."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1965.03090050077030"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","first-page":"257","article-title":"Effects of repeated poisonous snakebites in man","volume":"20","author":"Parish H","year":"1959","journal-title":"Am J Med Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","first-page":"93","article-title":"Hypersensitiveness to snake venom proteins. A case report","volume":"3","author":"Zozoya J","year":"1930","journal-title":"Bull Antivenin Inst Am"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-8707(60)90025-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","article-title":"The cross\u2010reactivity between bee and vespid hyaluronidases has a structural basis","volume":"89","author":"Jacobson RS","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Imunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-6749(98)70179-4"}],"container-title":["Clinical &amp; Experimental Allergy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1046%2Fj.1365-2222.2000.00697.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1046%2Fj.1365-2222.2000.00697.x","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1046\/j.1365-2222.2000.00697.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,29]],"date-time":"2023-10-29T17:30:40Z","timestamp":1698600640000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1046\/j.1365-2222.2000.00697.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2000,2]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1046\/j.1365-2222.2000.00697.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1365-2222.2000.00697.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0954-7894","1365-2222"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0954-7894","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2222","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2000,2]]}}}