{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T19:45:57Z","timestamp":1762112757969},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,1,12]],"date-time":"2002-01-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1010793600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":164,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Experimental Allergy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background<\/jats:bold> Maternal allergen exposure beyond the 22nd week of pregnancy may be important in foetal T cell priming. Allergen\u2010specific cord blood mononuclear cell (CBMC) immunoproliferative responses without corresponding bacterial antigen responses (tetanus toxoid), have been suggested as evidence of <jats:italic>in utero<\/jats:italic> sensitization.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Objectives<\/jats:bold> To investigate the relationship between lymphoproliferative responses at birth and at 1\u2003year with maternal and 1\u2010year infants house dust mite allergen exposure.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods<\/jats:bold> Home visits and dust sampling were performed by the 20th week of pregnancy, immediately after birth, and then at 1\u2003years of age. Der p 1 was assayed using a two\u2010site immunometric ELISA. CBMC immunoproliferative responses (AIM V serum\u2010free medium; 1\u2003\u00d7\u200310<jats:sup>5<\/jats:sup> cells\/well) were measured for 225 neonates (171 had a high risk of atopy (HR) \u2013 both parents skin test positive; 59 had a low risk of atopy (LR) \u2013 both parents skin test negative, no history of atopy) by 3H\u2010Thymidine (1\u00b5Ci\/well) incorporation after stimulation in primary culture with phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) (1\u2003\u00b5g\/mL), house dust mite [HDM] extract (30\u2003\u00b5g\/mL), immunopurified Der p 1 (30\u2003\u00b5g\/mL), Tetanus toxoid (TT) (aluma free, 30 Lf\/mL) or vehicle. Blood was collected from 144 infants at the age of 1\u2003years and stimulated proliferative responses were assessed using the same procedure.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold> PHA\u2010stimulated lymphoproliferative response was significantly lower in HR compared to LR neonates (mean difference 38%, 95% CI 15%\u221254%; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u20030.003); significantly lower proportion of positive CBMC responses to HDM occurred in LR than in HR neonates (30.4% vs. 46.6%; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u20030.034). There was no relationship between Der p 1 levels in maternal bed and CBMC immunoproliferative responses, despite the 21\u2003000\u2010fold range of maternal Der p 1 exposure. No significant differences in magnitude, or in proportion of positive responses to any stimulant were observed between the neonates at low, medium or high tertile of allergen exposure. Immunoproliferative responses at birth were not predictive of 1\u2010year PBMC responses. There was no relationship between maternal allergen exposure in pregnancy and 1\u2010year PBMC proliferative responses. However, the proportion of positive proliferative responses at 1\u2003years significantly increased with increasing infant Der p 1 exposure at 1\u2003years.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion<\/jats:bold> These results indicate that the magnitude of immunoproliferative responses are unrelated to maternal mite allergen exposure and cannot be used as evidence for <jats:italic>in utero<\/jats:italic> sensitization to inhalant allergens. The immunoproliferative responses at 1\u2003year seem to shift away from the genetically influenced responses at birth towards responses to specific stimulants which correlate with environmental exposure to those specific stimulants. These data support the concept of sensitization to inhalant allergens occurring in early life, but not <jats:italic>in utero.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2222.2001.01173.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,11]],"date-time":"2003-03-11T09:48:39Z","timestamp":1047376119000},"page":"1194-1204","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["Lymphoproliferative responses in cord blood and at one year: no evidence for the effect of <i>in utero<\/i> exposure to dust mite allergens"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"F. I.","family":"Smillie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A. 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